Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Symposium on Fundamentals of Computation Theory

FCT 2021: Fundamentals of Computation Theory pp 18–35Cite as

Communicating Finite State Machines and an Extensible Toolchain for Multiparty Session Types

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 12867))

Abstract

Multiparty session types (MPST) provide a typing discipline for message passing concurrency, ensuring deadlock freedom for distributed processes. This paper first summarises the relationship between MPST and communicating finite state machines (CFSMs), which offers not only theoretical justifications of MPST but also a guidance to implement MPST in practice. As one of the applications, we present \(\nu \text {S}\textsc {cr}\) (NuScr), an extensible toolchain for MPST-based multiparty protocols. The toolchain can convert multiparty protocols in the Scribble protocol description language into global types in the MPST theory; global types are projected into local types, and local types are converted to their corresponding CFSMs. The toolchain also generates APIs from CFSMs that implement endpoints in the protocol. Our design allows for language-independent code generation, and opens possibilities to generate APIs in various programming languages. We design our toolchain with modularity and extensibility in mind, so that extensions of core MPST can be easily integrated within our framework. As a case study, we show the implementation of the nested protocol extension in \(\nu \text {S}\textsc {cr}\), to showcase our extensibility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Also known as endpoint finite state machine (EFSM) [22].

References

  1. Barbanera, F., Lanese, I., Tuosto, E.: Choreography automata. In: Bliudze, S., Bocchi, L. (eds.) COORDINATION 2020. LNCS, vol. 12134, pp. 86–106. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50029-0_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Brand, D., Zafiropulo, P.: On communicating finite-state machines. J. ACM 30(2), 323–342 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1145/322374.322380

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Bravetti, M., Carbone, M., Lange, J., Yoshida, N., Zavattaro, G.: A sound algorithm for asynchronous session subtyping and its implementation. Log. Methods Comput. Sci. 17(1), March 2021. https://lmcs.episciences.org/7238

  4. Castro, D., Hu, R., Jongmans, S.S., Ng, N., Yoshida, N.: Distributed programming using role-parametric session types in go: statically-typed endpoint APIs for dynamically-instantiated communication structures. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 3 (POPL), January 2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290342

  5. Castro-Perez, D., Ferreira, F., Gheri, L., Yoshida, N.: Zooid: a DSL for certified multiparty computation: from mechanised metatheory to certified multiparty processes. In: Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI 2021, New York, NY, USA, pp. 237–251. Association for Computing Machinery (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3453483.3454041

  6. Castro-Perez, D., Yoshida, N.: CAMP: cost-aware multiparty session protocols. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 4 (OOPSLA), November 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3428223

  7. Chen, T.C., Dezani-Ciancaglini, M., Scalas, A., Yoshida, N.: On the preciseness of subtyping in session types. Log. Methods Comput. Sci. 13(2), June 2017. https://lmcs.episciences.org/3752

  8. Conchon, S., Filliâtre, J.C., Signoles, J.: OCamlgraph: An OCaml Graph Library (2017). http://ocamlgraph.lri.fr/index.en.html. Accessed 21 May 2021

  9. Cutner, Z., Yoshida, N.: Safe session-based asynchronous coordination in rust. In: Damiani, F., Dardha, O. (eds.) COORDINATION 2021. LNCS, vol. 12717, pp. 80–89. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78142-2_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Demangeon, R., Honda, K.: Nested protocols in session types. In: Koutny, M., Ulidowski, I. (eds.) CONCUR 2012. LNCS, vol. 7454, pp. 272–286. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32940-1_20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Demangeon, R., Honda, K., Hu, R., Neykova, R., Yoshida, N.: Practical interruptible conversations: distributed dynamic verification with multiparty session types and Python. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 46(3), 197–225 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-014-0218-8

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Deniélou, P.-M., Yoshida, N.: Multiparty compatibility in communicating automata: characterisation and synthesis of global session types. In: Fomin, F.V., Freivalds, R., Kwiatkowska, M., Peleg, D. (eds.) ICALP 2013. LNCS, vol. 7966, pp. 174–186. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39212-2_18

    Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Echarren Serrano, B.: Nested multiparty session programming in go. Master’s thesis, Imperial College London (2020). https://becharrens.files.wordpress.com/2020/07/final_report.pdf

  14. Ghilezan, S., Pantović, J., Prokić, I., Scalas, A., Yoshida, N.: Precise subtyping for asynchronous multiparty sessions. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 5 (POPL), January 2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3434297

  15. Girard, J.Y.: Linear logic. Theor. Comput. Sci. 50(1), 1–101 (1987). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304397587900454

  16. Gouda, M.G., Manning, E.G., Yu, Y.T.: On the progress of communication between two machines. In: Maekawa, M., Belady, L.A. (eds.) IBM 1980. LNCS, vol. 143, pp. 369–389. Springer, Heidelberg (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-11604-4_62

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Harvey, P., Fowler, S., Dardha, O., Gay, S.J.: Multiparty session types for safe runtime adaptation in an actor language. In: Møller, A., Sridharan, M. (eds.) 35th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), vol. 194, pp. 10:1–10:30. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany (2021). https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2021/14053

  18. Honda, K., Mukhamedov, A., Brown, G., Chen, T.-C., Yoshida, N.: Scribbling interactions with a formal foundation. In: Natarajan, R., Ojo, A. (eds.) ICDCIT 2011. LNCS, vol. 6536, pp. 55–75. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19056-8_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Honda, K., Vasconcelos, V.T., Kubo, M.: Language primitives and type discipline for structured communication-based programming. In: Hankin, C. (ed.) ESOP 1998. LNCS, vol. 1381, pp. 122–138. Springer, Heidelberg (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0053567

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Honda, K., Yoshida, N., Carbone, M.: Multiparty asynchronous session types. In: Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL 2008, New York, NY, USA, pp. 273–284. ACM (2008). http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1328438.1328472

  21. Honda, K., Yoshida, N., Carbone, M.: Multiparty asynchronous session types. J. ACM 63, 1–67 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Hu, R., Yoshida, N.: Hybrid session verification through endpoint API generation. In: Stevens, P., Wąsowski, A. (eds.) FASE 2016. LNCS, vol. 9633, pp. 401–418. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49665-7_24

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Hu, R., Yoshida, N.: Explicit connection actions in multiparty session types. In: Huisman, M., Rubin, J. (eds.) FASE 2017. LNCS, vol. 10202, pp. 116–133. Springer, Heidelberg (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54494-5_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Imai, K., Neykova, R., Yoshida, N., Yuen, S.: Multiparty session programming with global protocol combinators. In: Hirschfeld, R., Pape, T. (eds.) 34th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2020), pp. 9:1–9:30. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany (2020). https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2020/13166

  25. King, J., Ng, N., Yoshida, N.: Multiparty session type-safe web development with static linearity. In: Martins, F., Orchard, D. (eds.) Proceedings Programming Language Approaches to Concurrency- and Communication-cEntric Software, Prague, Czech Republic, 7th April 2019. Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 291, pp. 35–46. Open Publishing Association (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lagaillardie, N., Neykova, R., Yoshida, N.: Implementing multiparty session types in rust. In: Bliudze, S., Bocchi, L. (eds.) COORDINATION 2020. LNCS, vol. 12134, pp. 127–136. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50029-0_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Lange, J., Tuosto, E., Yoshida, N.: From communicating machines to graphical choreographies. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL 2015, New York, NY, USA, pp. 221–232. Association for Computing Machinery (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2676726.2676964

  28. Lange, J., Yoshida, N.: Verifying asynchronous interactions via communicating session automata. In: Dillig, I., Tasiran, S. (eds.) CAV 2019. LNCS, vol. 11561, pp. 97–117. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Majumdar, R., Pirron, M., Yoshida, N., Zufferey, D.: Motion session types for robotic interactions (brave new idea paper). In: Donaldson, A.F. (ed.) 33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), vol. 134, pp. 28:1–28:27. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany (2019). http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2019/10820

  30. Majumdar, R., Yoshida, N., Zufferey, D.: Multiparty motion coordination: from choreographies to robotics programs. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 4 (OOPSLA), November 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3428202

  31. Miu, A., Ferreira, F., Yoshida, N., Zhou, F.: Communication-safe web programming in TypeScript with routed multiparty session types. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Compiler Construction, CC 2021, New York, NY, USA, pp. 94–106. Association for Computing Machinery (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3446804.3446854

  32. Neykova, R., Hu, R., Yoshida, N., Abdeljallal, F.: A session type provider: compile-time API generation of distributed protocols with refinements in F#. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Compiler Construction, CC 2018, New York, NY, USA, pp. 128–138. ACM (2018). http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3178372.3179495

  33. Neykova, R., Yoshida, N.: Let it recover: multiparty protocol-induced recovery. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Compiler Construction, CC 2017, New York, NY, USA, pp. 98–108. Association for Computing Machinery (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3033019.3033031

  34. Neykova, R., Yoshida, N.: Multiparty session actors. Log. Methods Comput. Sci. 13(1), March 2017. https://lmcs.episciences.org/3227

  35. Neykova, R., Yoshida, N.: Featherweight scribble. In: Boreale, M., Corradini, F., Loreti, M., Pugliese, R. (eds.) Models, Languages, and Tools for Concurrent and Distributed Programming. LNCS, vol. 11665, pp. 236–259. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21485-2_14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Ng, N., de Figueiredo Coutinho, J.G., Yoshida, N.: Protocols by default. In: Franke, B. (ed.) CC 2015. LNCS, vol. 9031, pp. 212–232. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46663-6_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  37. Ng, N., Yoshida, N.: Pabble: parameterised Scribble. SOCA 9(3), 269–284 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11761-014-0172-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Ng, N., Yoshida, N.: Static deadlock detection for concurrent go by global session graph synthesis. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Compiler Construction, CC 2016, New York, NY, USA, pp. 174–184. Association for Computing Machinery (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/2892208.2892232

  39. Ng, N., Yoshida, N., Honda, K.: Multiparty session C: safe parallel programming with message optimisation. In: Furia, C.A., Nanz, S. (eds.) TOOLS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7304, pp. 202–218. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30561-0_15

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  40. Ocsigen: Lwt Manual (2021). https://ocsigen.org/lwt/latest/manual/manual. Accessed 21 May 2021

  41. OOI: Ocean Observatories Initiative (2020). http://www.oceanobservatories.org/

  42. Scalas, A., Dardha, O., Hu, R., Yoshida, N.: A linear decomposition of multiparty sessions for safe distributed programming. In: Müller, P. (ed.) 31st European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), vol. 74, pp. 24:1–24:31. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany (2017). http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2017/7263

  43. Scalas, A., Yoshida, N.: Less is more: multiparty session types revisited. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 3 (POPL), January 2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290343

  44. Scribble Authors: Scribble: Describing Multi Party Protocols (2015). http://www.scribble.org/. Accessed 21 May 2021

  45. Takeuchi, K., Honda, K., Kubo, M.: An interaction-based language and its typing system. In: Halatsis, C., Maritsas, D., Philokyprou, G., Theodoridis, S. (eds.) PARLE 1994. LNCS, vol. 817, pp. 398–413. Springer, Heidelberg (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58184-7_118

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven: mCRL2 (2018). https://www.mcrl2.org/web/user_manual/index.html

  47. Voinea, A.L., Dardha, O., Gay, S.J.: Typechecking Java protocols with [St]Mungo. In: Gotsman, A., Sokolova, A. (eds.) FORTE 2020. LNCS, vol. 12136, pp. 208–224. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50086-3_12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  48. Yoshida, N., Gheri, L.: A very gentle introduction to multiparty session types. In: Hung, D.V., D’Souza, M. (eds.) ICDCIT 2020. LNCS, vol. 11969, pp. 73–93. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36987-3_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  49. Yoshida, N., Hu, R., Neykova, R., Ng, N.: The Scribble protocol language. In: Abadi, M., Lluch Lafuente, A. (eds.) TGC 2013. LNCS, vol. 8358, pp. 22–41. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05119-2_3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  50. Yuan, T., Li, G., Lu, J., Liu, C., Li, L., Xue, J.: GoBench: a benchmark suite of real-world go concurrency bugs. In: 2021 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO), pp. 187–199 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Zhou, F., Ferreira, F., Hu, R., Neykova, R., Yoshida, N.: Statically verified refinements for multiparty protocols. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 4 (OOPSLA), November 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3428216

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Simon Castellan for the initial collaboration on \(\nu \text {S}\textsc {cr}\) project. The work is supported by EPSRC EP/T006544/1, EP/K011715/1, EP/K034413/1, EP/L00058X/1, EP/N027833/1, EP/N028201/1, EP/T006544/1, EP/T014709/1 and EP/V000462/1, and NCSS/EPSRC VeTSS.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Imperial College London, London, UK

    Nobuko Yoshida, Fangyi Zhou & Francisco Ferreira

Authors
  1. Nobuko Yoshida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fangyi Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Francisco Ferreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nobuko Yoshida .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sorbonne University, Paris, France

    Evripidis Bampis

  2. National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Aris Pagourtzis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Yoshida, N., Zhou, F., Ferreira, F. (2021). Communicating Finite State Machines and an Extensible Toolchain for Multiparty Session Types. In: Bampis, E., Pagourtzis, A. (eds) Fundamentals of Computation Theory. FCT 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12867. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86593-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86593-1_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-86592-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-86593-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation