Abstract
Evaluations of social robots for older adults in care home environments during the past 20 years have shown mostly positive results. However, many of these studies have been short-term and with few participants, as well as limited to few countries. Recent evidence, however, indicates that social robots might not work in all settings or for everyone. Therefore, we conducted a participatory workshop with key stakeholders as an attempt to begin to disentangle the many interrelated factors behind a successful implementation. The result showed similarities in preferred embodiment and morphology, differences in behavioural complexity and task performance, as well as a maybe surprising lack of interest in emotional support. It further showed that older adults living in care homes prior—to meeting social robots—showed relatively little interest in these robots. Based on these observations, we formulate future research directions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdi, J., Al-Hindawi, A., Ng, T., Vizcaychipi, M.P.: Scoping review on the use of socially assistive robot technology in elderly care. BMJ Open 8, 1–20 (2018)
Abdollahi, H., Mollahosseini, A., Lane, J.T., Mahoor, M.H.: A pilot study on using an intelligent life-like robot as a companion for elderly individuals with dementia and depression. In: IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, pp. 541–546 (2017)
Bradwell, H.L., Winnington, R., Thill, S., Jones, R.B.: Longitudinal diary data: six months real-world implementation of affordable companion robots for older people in supported living. In: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp. 148–150 (2020)
Bradwell, H.L., Edwards, K.J., Winnington, R., Thill, S., Jones, R.B.: Companion robots for older people: importance of user-centred design demonstrated through observations and focus groups comparing preferences of older people and roboticists in South West England. BMJ Open 9(9), 1–18 (2019)
Breazeal, C.L., Ostrowski, A.K., Singh, N., Park, H.W.: Designing social robots for older adults. Bridge (SPRING) 49, 22–31 (2019)
Broekens, J., Heerink, M., Rosendal, H.: Assistive social robots in elderly care: a review. Gerontechnology 8(2), 94–103 (2009)
Cruz-Sandoval, D., Morales-Tellez, A., Sandoval, E.B., Favela, J.: A social robot as therapy facilitator in interventions to deal with dementia-related behavioral symptoms. In: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp. 161–169 (2020)
Fong, T., Nourbakhsh, I., Dautenhahn, K.: A survey of socially interactive robots. Robot. Auton. Syst. 42, 143–166 (2003)
Frennert, S., Eftring, H., Östlund, B.: What older people expect of robots: a mixed methods approach. In: Herrmann, G., Pearson, M.J., Lenz, A., Bremner, P., Spiers, A., Leonards, U. (eds.) ICSR 2013. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 8239, pp. 19–29. Springer, Cham (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02675-6_3
Hutson, S., Lim, S.L., Bentley, P.J., Bianchi-Berthouze, N., Bowling, A.: Investigating the suitability of social robots for the wellbeing of the elderly. In: D’Mello, S., Graesser, A., Schuller, B., Martin, J.-C. (eds.) ACII 2011, Part I. LNCS, vol. 6974, pp. 578–587. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24600-5_61
Kanoh, M., et al.: Examination of practicability of communication robot-assisted activity program for elderly people. J. Robot. Mechatron. 23(1), 3–12 (2011)
Lafrenière, D.: CUTA: a simple, practical, low-cost approach to task analysis. Interactions 3(5), 35–39 (1996)
Lee, H.R., et al.: Steps toward participatory design of social robots: mutual learning with older adults with depression. In: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp. 244–253 (2017)
Libin, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J.: NeCoRo - therapeutic robocat for nursing home residents with dementia: preliminary inquiry. Am. J. Alzheimer’s Dis. Other Dement. 19(2), 111–116 (2004)
Marti, P., Bacigalupo, M., Giusti, L., Mennecozzi, C., Shibata, T.: Socially assistive robotics in the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. In: Proceedings of the First IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, 2006, BioRob 2006, pp. 483–488 (October 2006)
Melkas, H., Hennala, L., Pekkarinen, S., Kyrki, V.: Impacts of robot implementation on care personnel and clients in elderly-care institutions. Int. J. Med. Inform. 134, 1–6 (2020)
Mišeikis, J., et al.: Lio - a personal robot assistant for human-robot interaction and care applications. IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett. 5(4), 5339–5346 (2020)
Moharana, S., Panduro, A.E., Lee, H.R., Riek, L.D.: Robots for joy, robots for sorrow: community based robot design for dementia caregivers. In: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp. 458–467. IEEE (2019)
Moyle, W., et al.: Using a therapeutic companion robot for dementia symptoms in long-term care: reflections from a cluster-RCT. Aging Ment. Health 23(3), 329–336 (2019)
Muller, M.J.: PICTIVE-an exploration in participatory design. In: SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 225–231 (1991)
Osaka, K., et al.: Characteristics of a transactive phenomenon in relationships among older adults with dementia, nurses as intermediaries, and communication robot. Intell. Control Autom. 08(02), 111–125 (2017)
Östlund, B., Olander, E., Jonsson, O., Frennert, S.: STS-inspired design to meet the challenges of modern aging. Welfare technology as a tool to promote user driven innovations or another way to keep older users hostage? Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 93, 82–90 (2015)
Ostrowski, A.K., Breazeal, C., Park, H.W.: Long-term co-design guidelines: empowering older adults as co-designers of social robots. In: 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, RO-MAN 2021, pp. 1165–1172. IEEE (2021)
Robinson, H., Macdonald, B., Kerse, N., Broadbent, E.: The psychosocial effects of a companion robot: a randomized controlled trial. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 14(9), 661–667 (2013)
Rodil, K., Rehm, M., Krummheuer, A.L.: Co-designing social robots with cognitively impaired citizens. In: Proceedings of the 10th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, NordiCHI 2018, pp. 686–690 (2018)
Šabanovic, S., Bennett, C.C., Chang, W.L., Huber, L.: PARO robot affects diverse interaction modalities in group sensory therapy for older adults with dementia. In: 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), WA, Seattle, pp. 1–6 (2013)
Šabanović, S., Chang, W.L., Bennett, C.C., Piatt, J.A., Hakken, D.: A robot of my own: participatory design of socially assistive robots for independently living older adults diagnosed with depression proceedings, part I. In: First International Conference, ITAP 2015 held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2–7, pp. 104–114 (2015)
Sparrow, R., Sparrow, L.: In the hands of machines? The future of aged care. Minds Mach. 16(2), 141–161 (2006)
Tanigaki, S., Kishida, K., Fujita, A.: A preliminary study of the effects of a smile-supplement robot on behavioral and psychological symptoms of elderly people with mild impairment. J. Human. Soc. Sci. 45, 19–26 (2018)
Thodberg, K., et al.: Therapeutic effects of dog visits in nursing homes for the elderly. Psychogeriatrics 16(5), 289–297 (2016)
Thunberg, S., Rönnqvist, L., Ziemke, T., et al.: Do robot pets decrease agitation in dementia patients? In: Wagner, A.R. (ed.) ICSR 2020. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 12483, pp. 616–627. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62056-1_51
Thunberg, S., Ziemke, T.: User-centred design of humanoid robots’ communication. Paladyn, J. Behav. Robot. 12(1), 58–73 (2021)
Wada, K., Shibata, T., Saito, T., Sakamoto, K., Tanie, K.: Psychological and social effects of one year robot assisted activity on elderly people at a health service facility for the aged. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 2785–2790, No. April (2005)
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank the municipality of Mjölby, the care homes involved in this research, and in particular all workshop participants.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Thunberg, S., Ziemke, T. (2021). Social Robots in Care Homes for Older Adults. In: Li, H., et al. Social Robotics. ICSR 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13086. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_41
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-90524-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-90525-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)