A Framework for Forming Middle Distance Routes Based on Spatial Guidelines, Perceived Accessibility and Visual Cues in Smart City

Abstract

This study is devoted to ways of forming routes taking into account external natural and artificial factors, and the perception of such factors by the traveler. The route is built based on preliminary knowledge of an area and is updated with information obtained during travel. Orientation along the route is carried out using signs (waymarks, billboards) and other natural and artificial references which clarify preliminary knowledge of the area. The final and intermediate targets along the route are determined by spatial objects—“points of interest” or “points of attraction”—which are either chosen in advance or occur unpredictably during movement along the route. At the same time, the available accuracy, completeness and degree of relevance of local maps do not always provide the information necessary for travelers. The interface of route creation acts as an intermediary between the preliminary idea of the route and the observable external environment. The interface can supplement incomplete or unavailable information; it helps to search for appropriate objects based on given attributes. Currently digital applications are often used as such interfaces. Objects on the route are constantly changing their properties over time—both according to a previously known schedule and as a result of random events. The appearance of unexpected obstacles, and sudden changes in lighting and weather conditions, force travelers to significantly change their routes and choose new route options. The framework can be used both for optimizing navigation and tourism services and for preparing project designs for landscaping and development of suburban terrains.