Abstract
The expected evolution of software-intensive systems has led to the emergence of complex systems in which smart ecosystems are representative. All life cycle phases of these ecosystems, from requirements engineering to maintenance (particularly the architectural design), are also complex. Approaches to the architecture evaluation of such complex systems are necessary, and simulation can be considered relevant and a good candidate. This work is positioned in this scenario and provides an overview of simulation of smart ecosystems architectures. We present concepts associated with simulation, known simulation technologies, such as DEVS and FERAL, and summarize our experience with the simulation of different ecosystems. Moreover, we observe several difficulties, challenges, and research opportunities that still exist and that should be carried forward to mature the field of smart ecosystems simulation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Antonino, P.O., et al.: Enabling continuous software engineering for embedded systems architectures with virtual prototypes. In: Cuesta, C.E., Garlan, D., Pérez, J. (eds.) Software Architecture, pp. 115–130 (2018)
Antonino, P.O., Schnicke, F., Zhang, Z., Kuhn, T.: Blueprints for architecture drivers and architecture solutions for industry 4.0 shopfloor applications. In: 13th European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), vol. 2, pp. 261–268 (2019)
Banks, J.: Introduction to simulation. In: 31st Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), vol. 1, pp. 7–13 (2000)
Barcio, B., Ramaswamy, S., Macfadzean, R., Barber, K.: Object-oriented analysis, modeling, and simulation of a notional air defense system. Simulation 66(1), 5–21 (1996)
Bass, L., Clements, P., Kazman, R.: Software Architecture in Practice. SEI Series in Software Engineering, 4 edn. (2021)
Bauer, T., Antonino, P., Kuhn, T.: Towards architecting digital twin-pervaded systems. In: IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems (SESoS) and 13th Workshop on Distributed Software Development, Software Ecosystems and Systems-of-Systems (WDES), pp. 66–69 (2019)
Bellifemine, F., Poggi, A., Rimassa, G.: Developing multi-agent systems with JADE. In: Castelfranchi, C., Lespérance, Y. (eds.) ATAL 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1986, pp. 89–103. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44631-1_7
Bianchi, T., Santos, D.S., Felizardo, K.R.: Quality attributes of systems-of-systems: a systematic literature review. In: 3rd IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems, pp. 23–30 (2015)
Blas, M.J.: An analysis model to evaluate web applications quality using a discrete-event simulation approach. In: 50th Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), pp. 4648–4649 (2017)
Bogado, V., Gonnet, S., Leone, H.: Modeling and simulation of software architecture in discrete event system specification for quality evaluation. Simulation 90(3), 290–319 (2014)
Cadavid, H., Andrikopoulos, V., Avgeriou, P.: Architecting systems of systems: a tertiary study. Inf. Softw. Technol. 118(1), 106202 (2020)
Cavalcante, E., Quilbeuf, J., Traonouez, L., Oquendo, F., Batista, T., Legay, A.: Statistical model checking of dynamic software architectures. In: 10th European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), pp. 185–200 (2016)
Combemale, B., DeAntoni, J., Baudry, B., France, R.B., Jézéquel, J.M., Gray, J.: Globalizing modeling languages. Computer 47(6), 68–71 (2014)
Dahmann, J.S., Jr., G.R., Lane, J.A.: Systems engineering for capabilities. CrossTalk. J. J. Defense. Softw. Eng. 21(11), 4–9 (2008)
Delécolle, A., Lima, R., Graciano Neto, V., Buisson, J.: Architectural strategy to enhance the availability quality attribute in system-of-systems architectures: a case study. In: IEEE 15th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering (SoSE), pp. 93–98 (2020)
Dobrica, L., Niemele, E.: A survey on software architecture analysis methods. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 28(7), 638–653 (2002)
Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany: Industrie 4.0 platform (2011)
Fitzgerald, B., Stol, K.J.: Continuous software engineering: a roadmap and agenda. J. Syst. Softw. 123, 176–189 (2017)
França, B., Travassos, G.: Are we prepared for simulation based studies in software engineering yet? CLEI. Electron. J. 16(1), 9 (2013)
de França, B.B.N., Ali, N.B.: The role of simulation-based studies in software engineering research. In: Contemporary Empirical Methods in Software Engineering, pp. 263–287. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32489-6_10
France, R., Ghosh, S., Dinh-Trong, T., Solberg, A.: Model-driven development using UML 2.0: Promises and pitfalls. Computer 39(2), 59–66 (2006)
Fuller, A., Fan, Z., Day, C., Barlow, C.: Digital twin: enabling technologies, challenges and open research. IEEE Access 8(1), 108952–108971 (2020)
Gomes, C., Thule, C., Broman, D., Larsen, P.G., Vangheluwe, H.: Co-simulation: a survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 51(3), 1–33 (2018)
Goncalves, M., Cavalcante, E., Batista, T., Oquendo, F., Nakagawa, E.Y.: Towards a conceptual model for software-intensive system-of-systems. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC 2014), pp. 1605–1610 (2014)
Graciano Neto, V.V., Manzano, W., Antonino, P.O., Nakagawa, E.Y.: Simulation of software architectures of smart ecosystems: theory and practice. In: 15th European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA 2021), pp. 1–4 (2021)
Graciano Neto, V., et al.: SOB (Save Our Budget) - a simulation-based method for prediction of acquisition costs of constituents of a system-of-systems. iSys - Braz. J. Inf. Syst. 12(4), 6–35 (2019)
Graciano Neto, V., Paes, C., Garcés, L., Guessi, M., Oquendo, F., Nakagawa, E.Y.: Stimuli-SoS: a model-based approach to derive stimuli generators in simulations of software architectures of systems-of-systems. J. Braz. Comput. Soc. 23(1), 13:1–13:22 (2017)
Graciano Neto, V., Paes, C., Rohling, A., Manzano, W., Nakagawa, E.Y.: Modeling & simulation of software architectures of systems-of-systems: an industrial report on the Brazilian space system. In: SpringSim, pp. 1–12 (2019)
Graciano Neto, V.V.: A simulation-driven model-based approach for designing software intensive systems-of-systems architectures. Université de Bretagne Sud; Universidade de São Paulo, Theses (2018)
Graciano Neto, V.V., et al.: ASAS: an approach to support simulation of smart systems. In: 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), pp. 5777–5786 (2018)
Graciano Neto, V.V., Manzano, W., Kassab, M., Nakagawa, E.Y.: Model-based engineering & simulation of software-intensive systems-of-systems: Experience report and lessons learned. In: 12th European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA). ECSA 2018 (2018)
Graciano Neto, V.V., Teles, R.M., Ivamoto, M., Mello, L.H.S., De Carvalho, C.L.: Um sistema de apoio à decisão baseado em agentes para tratamento de ocorrências no setor elétrico. Rev. Inform. Teór. Apl. 17(2), 1–15 (2010)
Gray, J., Rumpe, B.: Models in simulation. Softw. Syst. Model. 15(3), 605–607 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-016-0544-y
Guessi, M., Graciano Neto, V.V., Bianchi, T., Felizardo, K.R., Oquendo, F., Nakagawa, E.Y.: A systematic literature review on the description of software architectures for systems of systems. In: 30th Symposium On Applied Computing (SAC 2015), pp. 1433–1440 (2015)
Higham, D.J., Higham, N.J.: MATLAB Guide (2000)
INCOSE: The Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) (2016)
ISO: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011(E) (Revision of ISO/IEC 42010:2007 and IEEE Std 1471–2000) (2011)
Kruchten, P.: The 4+1 view model of architecture. IEEE Softw. 12(6), 42–50 (1995)
Kuhr, T., Forster, T., Braun, T., Gotzhein, R.: Feral - framework for simulator coupling on requirements and architecture level. In: ACM/IEEE 11th International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Codesign (MEMOCODE), pp. 11–22 (2013)
Lasi, H., Fettke, P., Kemper, H.G., Feld, T., Hoffmann, M.: Industry 4.0. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 6(4), 239–242 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-014-0334-4
Lebtag, B.G., Teixeira, P.G., Santos, R.P., Viana, D., Graciano Neto, V.V.: Strategies to evolve exm notations extracted from a survey with software engineering professionals perspective. J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. 9(1), 17:1–17:24 (2022)
Lima, R., Kassab, M., Neto, V.: Discussing the availability quality attribute in systems-of-systems architectures based on a simulation experiment, pp. 416–421 (2021)
Lopes, V.C., et al.: A systematic mapping study on software testing for systems-of-systems. In: Proceedings of the 5th Brazilian Symposium on Systematic and Automated Software Testing, pp. 88–97. SAST 2020, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3425174.3425216
Maier, M.: Architecting principles for systems-of-systems. Syst. Eng. 1(4), 267–284 (1998)
Manzano, W., Graciano Neto, V., Nakagawa, E.Y.: Dynamic-SoS: an approach for the simulation of systems-of-systems dynamic architectures. Comput. J. 63(5), 709–731 (2020)
Mellor, S.J., Balcer, M., Jacobson, I.: Executable UML: a foundation for model-driven architecture (2002)
Morgan, J., Halton, M., Qiao, Y., Breslin, J.G.: Industry 4.0 smart reconfigurable manufacturing machines. J. Manuf. Syst. 59, 481–506 (2021)
Nakagawa, E.Y., Goncalves, M., Guessi, M., Oliveira, L., Oquendo, F.: The state of the art and future perspectives in systems of systems software architectures. In: 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems (SESoS), pp. 13–20 (2013)
Nielsen, C.B., Larsen, P.G., Fitzgerald, J., Woodcock, J., Peleska, J.: Systems of systems engineering: basic concepts, model-based techniques, and research directions. ACM Comput. Surv. 48(2), 18:1–18:41 (2015)
Oquendo, F.: Software architecture challenges and emerging research in software-intensive systems-of-systems. In: 10th European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), pp. 3–21 (2016)
Piroumian, V.: Digital twins: universal interoperability for the digital age. Computer 54(01), 61–69 (2021)
Radziwon, A., Bilberg, A., Bogers, M., Madsen, E.S.: The smart factory: exploring adaptive and flexible manufacturing solutions. Proc. Eng. 69, 1184–1190 (2014)
Santos, D.S., Oliveira, B.R.N., Kazman, R., Nakagawa, E.Y.: Evaluation of systems-of-systems software architectures: state of the art and future perspectives. ACM Comput. Surv. (2022)
Santos, D.S., Oliveira, B.R.N., Duran, A., Nakagawa, E.Y.: Reporting an experience on the establishment of a quality model for systems-of-systems. In: The 27th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE 2015), pp. 304–309 (2015)
Schnicke, F., Kuhn, T., Antonino, P.O.: Enabling industry 4.0 service-oriented architecture through digital twins. In: Muccini, H., et al. (eds.) ECSA 2020. CCIS, vol. 1269, pp. 490–503. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59155-7_35
Teixeira, P.G., et al.: Constituent system design: a software architecture approach. In: IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Companion (ICSA-C), pp. 218–225 (2020)
Tisue, S., Wilensky, U.: Netlogo: a simple environment for modeling complexity. In: In International Conference on Complex Systems, pp. 16–21 (2004)
Ustundag, Alp, Cevikcan, Emre: Industry 4.0: Managing The Digital Transformation. SSAM, 1st edn. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57870-5
Zeigler, B., Sarjoughian, H.S., Duboz, R., Souli, J.C.: Guide to Modeling and Simulation of Systems of Systems. Springer Briefs in Computer Science, 1st edn. Springer, London (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4570-7
Zeigler, B.P., Mittal, S., Traore, M.K.: MBSE with/out simulation: State of the art and way forward. Systems 6(4), 40 (2018)
Acknowledgments
This work was financed by CNPq (Grant No.: 313245/2021-5, 133436/2020-9), and FAPESP (Grant No.: 2015/24144-7).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Graciano Neto, V.V., Manzano, W., Antonino, P.O., Nakagawa, E.Y. (2022). Foundations and Research Agenda for Simulation of Smart Ecosystems Architectures. In: Scandurra, P., Galster, M., Mirandola, R., Weyns, D. (eds) Software Architecture. ECSA 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13365. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15116-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15116-3_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-15115-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-15116-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)