Abstract
Line crossing detection is to check whether people or objects go across a given barrier line, which is quite common and important in our daily life, such as the EAS checkpoint in a retail store or the finish line in track and field. Although existing solutions to line crossing detection have achieved great advancement, they do not function well when multiple objects or people cross the line at the same time. In this paper, we propose a new RFID-based solution called RF-Line to the problem of line crossing detection, especially for multi-object scenarios. The biggest challenge is that the RFID reader’s coverage zone is invisible and irregular; we cannot roughly take the time when a tag is seen by the reader for the first time as the time when line crossing occurs. In RF-Line, we deploy two antennas opposite each other and collect the RF phase profiles of two antennas at the same time. By a series of geometric transformations and mathematical derivations, we find that summing up the two phase profiles will get a new phase curve, in which the inflection point of the curve is the time of line crossing. We implement RF-Line with commodity RFID systems. Extensive experiments show that RF-Line can achieve accurate line crossing detection with a small error of 6.1 cm, with no need for any system calibration or complicated deployment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Thomas, E.P.: Product tags, systems, and methods for crowdsourcing and electronic article surveillance in retail inventory management, March 12 2019. US Patent 10,229,386
Abbott, J.J., Okamura, A.M.: Effects of position quantization and sampling rate on virtual-wall passivity. IEEE Trans. Rob. 21(5), 952–964 (2005)
Ordonez, C., Collins, E.G., Jr., Selekwa, M.F., Dunlap, D.D.: The virtual wall approach to limit cycle avoidance for unmanned ground vehicles. Robot. Auton. Syst. 56(8), 645–657 (2008)
Norman, T.L.: Integrated security systems design: concepts, specifications, and implementation. Elsevier (2011)
Tan, S.: Intelligent entrance guard lock system based on remote control, 2016. US Patent CN106355724A (2016)
Curry, G.: Camera-based tracking and position determination for sporting events using event information and intelligence data extracted in real-time from position information, November 10 2015. US Patent 9,185,361
Newcombe, R., et al.: Real-time camera tracking using depth maps, March 19 2013. US Patent 8,401,242 (2013)
Yang, L., Chen, Y., Li, X.-Y., Xiao, C., Li, M., Liu, Y.: Tagoram: real-time Tracking of mobile RFID tags to high precision using COTS devices. In: Proceedings of ACM MobiCom, pp. 237–248 (2014)
Wang, C., Xie, L., Wang, W., Chen, Y., Xue, T., Sanglu, L.: Probing into the physical layer: moving tag detection for large-scale RFID systems. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 19(5), 1200–1215 (2020)
Wang, J., Katabi, D.: Dude, where’s my card? RFID positioning that works with multipath and non-Line of sight. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, pp. 51–62 (2013)
Shangguan, L., Yang, Z., Liu, A.X., Zhou, Z., Liu, Y.: Relative localization of RFID tags using spatial-temporal phase profiling. In: Proceedings of USENIX NSDI, pp. 251–263 (2015)
Wang, G., et al.: HMRL: relative localization of RFID tags with static devices. In: Proceedings of IEEE SECON, pp. 1–9 (2017)
Liu, J., Chen, M., Chen, S., Pan, Q., Che, L.: Tag-compass: determining the spatial direction of an object with small dimensions. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 1–9 (2017)
Chen, X., Liu, J., Wang, X., Liu, H., Jiang, D., Chen, L.: Eingerprint: robust energy-related fingerprinting for passive RFID tags. In: Proceedings of USENIX NSDI, pp. 1101–1113 (2020)
Liu, J., Chen, X., Chen, S., Wang, W., Jiang, D., Chen, L.: Retwork: exploring reader network with COTS RFID systems. In: Proceedings of USENIX ATC, pp. 889–896 (2020)
Qian, C., Liu, Y., Ngan, R.H., Ni, L.M.: ASAP: scalable collision arbitration for large RFID systems. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 24(7), 1277–1288 (2013)
Qi, S., Zheng, Y., Li, M., Liu, Y., Qiu, J.: Scalable industry data access control in RFID-enabled supply chain. IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking 24(6), 3551–3564 (2016)
Liu, J., Zhu, F., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Pan, Q., Chen, L.: Rf-scanner: shelf scanning with robot-assisted RFID systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 1–9 (2017)
Liu, T., Liu, Y., Yang, L., Guo, Y., Wang, C.: Backpos: high accuracy backscatter positioning system. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 15(3), 586–598 (2016)
Inc Impinj. http://www.impinj.com/
Inc Laird. https://www.lairdconnect.com/rf-antennas/rfid-antennas/s902-series-rfid-antenna
Inc TurtleBot. https://www.turtlebot.com/turtlebot2/
Pupilli, M., Calway, A.: Real-time camera tracking using a particle filter. In: BMVC (2005)
Chiu, T.-Y.: Virtual wall system, November 16 2006. US Patent App. 11/176,244 (2006)
Caccami, M.C., Amendola, S., Occhiuzzi, C.: Method and system for reading RFID tags embedded into tires on conveyors. In: Proceedings of IEEE RFID-TA, pp. 141–144 (2019)
Buffi, A., Nepa, P., Lombardini, F.: A phase-based technique for localization of UHF-RFID tags moving on a conveyor belt: performance analysis and test-case measurements. IEEE Sens. J. 15(1), 387–396 (2015)
Acknowledgment
This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62072231, the Open Project of State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology under Grant KFKT2021B15, and the Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wang, X., Xun, K., Chen, X., Wang, X., Liu, J., Zhao, Z. (2022). RF-Line: RFID-Based Line Crossing Detection. In: Wang, L., Segal, M., Chen, J., Qiu, T. (eds) Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications. WASA 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13472. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19214-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19214-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-19213-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-19214-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)