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International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods

ISoLA 2022: Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Verification Principles pp 220–241Cite as

Configurable-by-Construction Runtime Monitoring

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Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13701))

Abstract

Most modern systems, be it cyber-physical or mere software systems, are highly configurable. The main challenge when dealing with such configurable systems stems from the usually huge number of system variants that can be exponential in the number of configuration options or features. Monitoring systems that react on observations, e.g., sensor data, varying across system configurations or being themselves configurable also face this challenge but have barely been considered in the literature. In this paper, we discuss new aspects for runtime monitoring with variability in the system being monitored as well as the monitor itself. As a first step towards a configurable-by-construction runtime monitoring approach, we introduce configurable monitors from an automata-theoretic and stream-based perspective. For this, we harvest existing work on featured transition systems and present a variability-aware variant of the stream-based specification language Lola.

This work was partially supported by the DFG under the projects TRR 248 (see https://perspicuous-computing.science, project ID 389792660) and EXC 2050/1 (CeTI, project ID 390696704, as part of Germany’s Excellence Strategy).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Similar test procedures exist for characteristics of electric vehicles, for instance, those issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency [31].

  2. 2.

    For brevity, we shorten the feature names for computation and sensor features with tailing c and s, respectively.

  3. 3.

    This applies to all variants of Lola, including the original variant [12], Lola 2.0 [17], and RTLola [18]. For simplicity, we use “Lola ” as an umbrella term here.

  4. 4.

    A canonical candidate for \(\chi (\phi )\) would be the disjunctive normal form \(\chi (\phi )=\bigvee _{Y\in \llbracket \phi \rrbracket } \big (\bigwedge _{x\in Y} x \wedge \bigwedge _{x\in X\setminus Y} \lnot x \big )\), but also any other uniquely chosen formula, e.g., focusing on small lengths, would be suitable.

  5. 5.

    Note that behaviors for invalid feature configurations can be specified through non-satisfying feature guards on initial states, leading to empty initial state projections.

  6. 6.

    The corner case where \(|\Phi |=0\) is covered by the \(\top \)-verdicting featured monitor \(\mathcal {M} ^{\texttt{true}}_\texttt{true}\) that arises from \(\mathcal {A} ^\texttt{true}=(V,\Sigma ,\delta ,\top )\) where \(\delta (p,\alpha )=p\) for all \(p\in V\) and \(\alpha \in \Sigma \).

  7. 7.

    We slightly deviate from the original definition for notational convenience. In particular, we do not allow expressions of the form \(\eta {[z, c]}\) where \(\eta \) is an arbitrary stream expression. It has been shown that those can be rewritten to \(s' {[z, c]}\) by introducing an additional stream variable \(s'\) such that \(f(s') = \eta \).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Clemens Dubslaff

  2. Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Maximilian A. Köhl

Authors
  1. Clemens Dubslaff
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  2. Maximilian A. Köhl
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Correspondence to Clemens Dubslaff or Maximilian A. Köhl .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Limerick, CSIS and Lero, Limerick, Ireland

    Tiziana Margaria

  2. TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

    Bernhard Steffen

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Dubslaff, C., Köhl, M.A. (2022). Configurable-by-Construction Runtime Monitoring. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds) Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Verification Principles. ISoLA 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13701. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19849-6_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19849-6_14

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