Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014 pp 395–407Cite as

Towards a Better Understanding of the Cognitive Destination Image of Euskadi-Basque Country Based on the Analysis of UGC

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Abstract

The user-generated content (UGC) and web 2.0 have allowed substantial changes in the dynamics of the travel and tourism sector. Tourism marketing is conditioned by the importance of the Internet as a channel for promotion and marketing. Thus, UGC and social networks become a valuable source to achieve a proper management of the cognitive image that a visitor can have on a destination. Despite the great importance of the destination image there is not a universally accepted and validated model. The presented research work aims to contribute in the knowledge and understanding of the cognitive destination image of the Basque Country through the UGC. The present work aims to validate an image model of reference by means of digital content. The final goal is to produce the method, which enables to relate the perceived image by visitors with the projected image by marketing strategies driven by the DMO.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Andrade, M. J. (2010). Modelo para la identificación de la imagen del turismo rural: técnica estructurada y no estructurada. Revista de Análisis Turístico, 9, 74–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baloglu, S. (1999c). A path analysis model of visitation intention involving information sources, socio-psychological motivations, and destination image. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 8(3), 81–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(Spring), 11–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999a). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868–897.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999b). US international pleasure travelers’ images of four Mediterranean destinations: A comparison of visitors and nonvisitors. Journal of Travel Research, 38(2), 144–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999c). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868–897.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657–681.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bojanic, D. C. (1991). The use of advertising in managing destination image. Tourism Management, 1991—Elsevier, 12(4), 352–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boulding, K. E. (1956). The image. Ann Arbor, Michigan. University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chon, K. (1991). Tourism destination image: Marketing implications. Tourism Management, 12, 68–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crompton, J. L. (1977). A system model of the tourist’s destination selection process with particular reference to the role of image and perceived constraints. Ph.D. dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cvijikj, I.P., Michahelles, F. (2011). Monitoring trends on Facebook. In: Proceedings—IEEE 9th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, DASC 2011, Article number 6118886 (pp. 895–902).

    Google Scholar 

  • Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination image. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 2(2), 2–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1993). The measurement of destination image: An empirical assessment. Journal of Travel Research, 31(Spring), 3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2003). The meaning and measurement of destination image. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(1), 37–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fakeye, P. C., & Crompton, J. L. (1991). Image differences between prospective, first-time, and repeat visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Journal of Travel Research, 29(Fall), 10–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fridgen, J. D. (1987). Use of cognitive maps to determine perceived tourism region. Leisure Sciences, 9, 101–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallarza, M. G., Saura, I. G., & Garcia, H. C. (2002). Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 56–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, W. C. (1986). Temporal influence on image change. Annals of Tourism Research, 13, 635–644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, W. C. (1993). Image formation process. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2, 191–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, W. C., & Hunt, J. D. (1987). An analysis of state image change over a twelve-year period (1971–1983). Journal of Travel Research, 16(Fall), 15–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, M. et al. (2012). Imagen cognitiva de los destinos de interior desde la perspectiva de residentes yvisitantes: un aplicación empírica en 4 regiones españolas. Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa (pp. 167–179). 16 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, C. A. (1972). Vacationscape: Designing tourist regions. Austin: Bureau of Business Research, University of Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, J. D. (1971). Image: A factor in tourism. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Fort Collins: Colorado State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, J. D. (1975). Image as a factor in tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 13(Winter), 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, B. J., Zhang, M., Sobel, K., & Chowdury, A. (2009). Twitter power: Tweets as electronic word of mouth. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(11), 2169–2188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, O. H. (1999). Understanding and measuring tourist destination images. International Journal of Tourism Research, 1(1), 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Llantada, J. (2013). Claves para entender las tendencias consolidadas y futuras en el marketing turístico en 2013. http://www.hosteltur.com/web/uploads/2013/02/claves-para-entender-tendencias-marketing-turistico-2013.pdf

  • Mayo, E. J. (1973). Regional images and regional travel behavior. Research for changing travel patterns: Interpretation and utilization. In Proceedings of the Travel Research Association, Fourth Annual Conference (pp. 211–218).

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, P. (2010). Managing a hotel’s image on Tripadvisor. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 19(7), 754–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ortiz, A. M., Castillo, F. P., & García, R. H. (2010). Análisis de Valoraciones de Usuario de Hoteles con Sentitext: un sistema de análisis de sentimiento independiente del dominio (pp. 31–39).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan, B., MacLaurin, T., & Crotts, J. C. (2007). Travel blogs and the implications for destination marketing. Journal of Travel Research, 46(1), 35–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pang, Y., et al. (2011). Summarizing tourist destinations by mining user-generated travelogues and photos. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 115(3), 352–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pike, S. (2002). Destination image analysis—A review of 142 papers from 1973 to 2000. Tourism Management, 23, 541–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popescu, A., & Etzioni, O. (2004). Extracting product features and opinions from reviews. Natural language processing and text mining, 2007. London: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • San Martín, H., & Rodríguez, I. A. (2008). Exploring the cognitive-affective nature of destination image and the role of psychological factors in its formation. Tourism Management, 29(2), 263–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somprasertsri, G. (2010). Mining feature-opinion in online customer reviews for opinion summarization. Computer 16(6):938–955. Retrieved from http://www.jucs.org/jucs_16_6/mining_feature_opinion_in/jucs_16_06_0938_0955_somprasertsri.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Stepchenkova, S., Chen, Y., & Morrison, A. M. (2005). China and Russia: A comparative analysis of organic destination images. In S.-J. Suh, & Y.-H. Hwang (Eds.), The 11th APTA Conference Proceedings: Vol. 1. New Tourism for Asia-Pacific (pp. 273–283). Goyang, Korea, July 7–10, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stepchenkova, S., & Morrison, A. M. (2008). Russia’s destination image among American pleasure travelers: Revisiting Echtner and Ritchie. Tourism Management, 29, 548–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stepchenkova, S., & Mills, J. E. (2010). Destination image: A meta-analysis of 2000–2007 research. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management-Taylor & Francis, 19(6), 575–609. 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stepchenkova, S., & Zhan, F. (2012). Visual destination images of Peru: Comparative content analysis of DMO and user-generated photography. Tourism Management, 36, 590–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tasci, A. D. A., et al. (2007). Conceptualization and operationalization of destination image. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31(2), 194–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Um, S., & Crompton, J. L. (1990). Attitude determinants in tourism destination choice. Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 432–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang, Z., & Gretzel, U. (2010). Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism Management, 31(2), 179–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, C. C., Wong, Y. C., & Wei, C.-P. (2009). Classifying web review opinions for consumer product analysis. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Electronic Commerce—ICEC’09, (Vol. 57). doi:10.1145/1593254.1593263.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Electronics and Computing Department, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Mondragon, Spain

    Ainhoa Serna

  2. Competence Research Center in Tourism, CICtourGUNE, Gipuzkoa, Spain

    Jon Kepa Gerrikagoitia & Aurkene Alzua

Authors
  1. Ainhoa Serna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jon Kepa Gerrikagoitia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aurkene Alzua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ainhoa Serna .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

    Zheng Xiang

  2. Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA

    Iis Tussyadiah

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Serna, A., Gerrikagoitia, J.K., Alzua, A. (2013). Towards a Better Understanding of the Cognitive Destination Image of Euskadi-Basque Country Based on the Analysis of UGC. In: Xiang, Z., Tussyadiah, I. (eds) Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03973-2_29

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation