Skip to main content

The Effects of Presence Induced by Smartphone Applications on Tourism: Application to Cultural Heritage Attractions

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014

Abstract

Increased use of mobile devices in the tourism industry enhances tourist satisfaction by improving their overall experience in particular settings. Presence, in this case, is the state of one’s subjective recognition when experiencing in virtual realms beyond realistic physical and tangible spaces. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between the presence brought upon the use of smartphone applications, the touristic experience, and tourism satisfaction, when smartphone applications are applied to cultural heritage attractions. A survey was employed for the data collection at cultural heritage attractions in Korea from tourists who had used smartphone applications during their travels. The study found a significant relationship between presence of smartphone applications and touristic experience, which also significantly affected overall tourist satisfaction. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on the impact and effects of “presence” when smartphone applications are utilized in tourism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azuma, R. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(4), 355–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biocca, F., Harms, C., & Burgoon, J. (2003). Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: Review and suggested criteria. Presence Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 12(5), 456–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B., & Chalmers, M. (2003). Tourism and mobile technology. In Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Kluwer Academic Press: Helsinki.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chi, H. L., Kang, S. C., & Wang, X. (2013). Research trends and opportunities of augmented reality applications in architecture, engineering, and construction. Automation in Construction, 33, 116–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durlach, N., & Slater, M. (2000). Presence in shared virtual environments and virtual togetherness. Presence, 9(2), 214–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graetzel, U., & Jamal, T. (2009). Conceptualizing the creative tourist class: Technology, mobility and tourism experiences. Tourism Analysis, 14, 471–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, S. Y. (2006). The experience realms of heritage tourism: from the perspective of utilitarian and hedonic value. Journal of Tourism Sciences, 30(3), 11–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang, M. H., & Gretzel, U. (2012). Effects of podcast tours on tourists experiences in a national park. Tourism Management, 33(2), 440–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, T., & Biocca, F. (1997). Telepresence via television: two dimensions of telepresence may have different connections to memory and persuasion. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2), 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozak, M., & Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist satisfaction with Mallorca, holiday destination. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 260–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K. M. (2004). Presence explicated. Communication Theory, 14(1), 27–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Light, D. (1995). Visitors’ use of interpretive media at heritage sites. Leisure Studies, 14(2), 132–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lombard, M, & Ditton, T. (1997).At the heart of it all: The concept of telepresence. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (on-line serial), 3(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehmetoglu, M., & Engen, M. (2011). Pine and gilmore’s concept of experience economy and its dimensions: An empirical examination in tourism. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 12(4), 237–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oh, H., Fiore, A. M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring experience economy concepts: Tourism applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 119–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on theconsumer. New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pine, B. J, I. I., & Gilmore, H. J. (1999). The experience economy: work is theatre and every business a stage. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, G. (2001). The experience industry and the creation of attractions. In cultural attractions and European tourism, UK: CABI Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, T., Friedmann, F., & Regenbrecht, H. (2001). The experience of presence: Factor analytic insights. Presence Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 10(3), 266–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, B. E. (2003). How augmented reality helps students learn dynamic spatial relationships. Unpublished doctoral dissertation: University of Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan, T. B. (1992). Musings on telepresence and virtual presence. Presence, 1(1), 120–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Short, J., Williams, E, & Christie, B. (1976).The social psychology of telecommunications. London: Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamboulis, Y., & Skayannis, P. (2003). Innovation strategies and technology for experience-based tourism. Tourism Management, 24, 35–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, E. (1997). The iconography of the tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4), 951–969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, B., Jerrams-Smith, J., Heathcote, D., & Callear, D. (2002). Assessing object-presence with projection-augmented models. Presence, 11(1), 79–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998). Measuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnaire. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7(3), 225–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sunny Ham .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Lee, K., Lee, H.R., Ham, S. (2013). The Effects of Presence Induced by Smartphone Applications on Tourism: Application to Cultural Heritage Attractions. In: Xiang, Z., Tussyadiah, I. (eds) Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03973-2_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics