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Hippocampal Theta-Based Brain Computer Interface

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Book cover Brain-Computer Interfaces

Part of the book series: Intelligent Systems Reference Library ((ISRL,volume 74))

Abstract

Theta rhythm is a 3–12 Hz oscillatory potential observed in the hippocampus during cognitive processes ranging from spatial navigation to learning. The 3–7 Hz range occurs during immobility and depends upon the integrity of cholinergic forebrain systems. The amount of pre-training theta in the rabbit strongly predicts the acquisition rate of classical eyeblink conditioning and impairment of this system substantially slows the rate of learning. Recent experiments utilized a brain-computer interface that makes eyeblink training trials contingent upon the explicit presence or absence of hippocampal theta. Power spectral ratios based on continuous sampling of hippocampal local field potentials were used to ensure that each trial was triggered during the appropriate theta state. One group received training during high theta and the other during very low theta. The results have been consistent and substantial—theta-contingent training produces a two- to four-fold increase in learning speed, accompanied by striking differences in hippocampal, prefrontal and cerebellar electrophysiological patterns. Unlike many interfaces that serve as sensory or motor prostheses, our system appears to engage cognitive resources that accelerate the rate of associative learning. One mechanism for this improvement might be better coordination of the phase relationships in the essential circuitry that includes cerebellum, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, as well as brainstem nuclei necessary for the sensory and motor events during each trial. This chapter reviews such findings and proposes experiments that use this cognitive BCI to clarify the essential roles and coordination of structures in the distributed system that underlies eyeblink conditioning.

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Abbreviations

BCI:

Brain-computer interface

CR:

Conditioned response

CS:

Conditioned stimulus

HVI:

Hemispheric lobule VI

I/E:

Inhibitory/excitatory

IPN:

Interpositus nucleus

ISI:

Inter-stimulus interval

ITI:

Inter-trial interval

LFP:

Local field potential

LTD:

Long-term depression

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

T+:

Theta-triggered

T−:

Non-theta-triggered

UR:

Unconditioned response

US:

Unconditioned stimulus

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  1. Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA

    L. C. Hoffmann, J. J. Cicchese & S. D. Berry

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    L. C. Hoffmann

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Hoffmann, L.C., Cicchese, J.J., Berry, S.D. (2015). Hippocampal Theta-Based Brain Computer Interface. In: Hassanien, A., Azar, A. (eds) Brain-Computer Interfaces. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol 74. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10978-7_6

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