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International Conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement

PAM 2015: Passive and Active Measurement pp 111–122Cite as

IPv6 AS Relationships, Cliques, and Congruence

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Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCCN,volume 8995))

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that IPv6 deployment is maturing as a response to the exhaustion of unallocated IPv4 address blocks, leading to gradual convergence of the IPv4 and IPv6 topologies in terms of structure and routing paths. However, the lack of a fully-connected transit-free clique in IPv6, as well as a different economic evolution than IPv4, implies that existing IPv4 AS relationship algorithms will not accurately infer relationships between autonomous systems in IPv6, encumbering our ability to model and understand IPv6 AS topology evolution. We modify CAIDA’s IPv4 relationship inference algorithm to accurately infer IPv6 relationships using publicly available BGP data. We validate 24.9 % of our 41,589 c2p and p2p inferences for July 2014 to have a 99.3 % and 94.5 % PPV, respectively. Using these inferred relationships, we analyze the BGP-observed IPv4 and IPv6 AS topologies, and find that ASes are converging toward the same relationship types in IPv4 and IPv6, but disparities remain due to differences in the transit-free clique and the influence of Hurricane Electric in IPv6.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by U.S. NSF grant CNS-1111449, DHS S&T Cyber Security Division (DHS S&T/CSD) BAA 11-02 and SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific via contract number N66001-12-C-0130, and by DRDC pursuant to an Agreement between the U.S. and Canadian governments for Cooperation in Science and Technology for Critical Infrastructure Protection and Border Security. The work represents the position of the authors and not of NSF, DHS, or DRDC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAIDA, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA

    Vasileios Giotsas, Matthew Luckie, Bradley Huffaker & Kc Claffy

Authors
  1. Vasileios Giotsas
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  2. Matthew Luckie
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  3. Bradley Huffaker
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  4. Kc Claffy
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matthew Luckie .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Southern California, Marina Del Rey, California, USA

    Jelena Mirkovic

  2. New York University, New York, New York, USA

    Yong Liu

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© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Giotsas, V., Luckie, M., Huffaker, B., Claffy, K. (2015). IPv6 AS Relationships, Cliques, and Congruence. In: Mirkovic, J., Liu, Y. (eds) Passive and Active Measurement. PAM 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8995. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15509-8_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15509-8_9

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15508-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15509-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

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