Abstract
Delay/disruption tolerant mobile ad hoc networks and opportunistic networks make it possible to support the communications among mobile hosts in intermittent connected scenarios. Routing in such environments is difficult because of little information about the topology of the partitioned network and transient transmit opportunities between hosts. In this paper, we present a hierarchical geographical tags based routing scheme (HGTR) in such situation, which combines geographic information assistant forwarding with encounter-based forwarding by exploiting the knowledge about the behavior of the nodes. In our HGTR, network territory is partitioned level-by-level and attached with hierarchical tags to perform this geographic-based forwarding. Messages are greedily transmitted to the home location of the destination node where the particular node has a high probability to appear, which remarkably increasing the efficiency. During the transmission, metrics of tag similarity and visiting probability are utilized to make forward decision. We illustrate the routing process and evaluate the performance of our proposed solution in comparison with various routing solutions such as Direct Delivery, Epidemic, Prophet and MaxProp. Simulation results show that our proposed solution provides higher delivery ratio compare to a number of well-known protocols, and incurs acceptable extra overhead.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bansal, M., Rajput, R., Gupta, G.: Mobile ad hoc networking (MANET): Routing protocol performance issues and evaluation considerations (1999). http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2501.txt
Fall, K.: A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets. SIGCOMM 2003, pp. 27–34 (2003)
Pelusi, L., Passarella, A., Conti, M.: Opportunistic Networking: Data Forwarding in Disconnected Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. IEEE Communications Magazine 44(11), 134–141 (2006)
Chen, W., Ghha, R.K., Kwon, T.J., Lee, J., Hsu, Y.: A survey and challenges in routing and data dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 11(7), 787–795 (2009)
Ntareme, H., Zennaro, M., Pehrson, B.: Delay Tolerant Network on Smartphones: Applications for Communication Challenged Areas. In: 3rd Extreme Workshop on Communications (2011)
Mei, A., Morabito, G., Santi, P., Stefa, J.: Social-aware stateless forwarding in pocket switched networks. IEEE InfoCom 2011, 251–255 (2011)
Lochert, C., Mauve, M., Füßler, H., Hartenstein, H.: Geographic routing in city scenarios. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review 9(1), 69–72 (2005)
Lu, X., Hui, P., Lio, P.: Evolving Model of Opportunistic Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks. In: 7th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, pp. 276–281 (2011)
Zhang, J., Luo G., Qin, K., Sun, H.: Encounter-based routing in delay tolerant networks. In: IEEE International Conference on Computational Problem-Solving, pp. 338–341 (2011)
Grasic, S., Davies, E., Lindgren, A., Doria, A.: The evolution of a DTN routing protocol-PRoPHETv2. In: The 6th ACM workshop on Challenged networks, pp. 27–30 (2011)
Spyropoulos, T., Rais, R.N., Turletti, T., Obraczka, K., Vasilakos, A.: Routing for disruption tolerant networks: taxonomy and design. Wireless networks 16(8), 2349–2370 (2010)
Karp, B., Kung, H.T.: GPSR: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In: ACM 6th annual International Conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 243–254 (2000)
Vahdat, A., Becker, D.: Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks. Technical Report CS-200006, Duke University (2000)
Jin, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, S., Shu, Y.: Epidemic-Based Controlled Flooding and Adaptive Multicast for Delay Tolerant Networks. In: IEEE 7th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing and 7th International Conference on Autonomic & Trusted Computing, pp. 191–194 (2010)
Wang, X., Shu, Y., Jin, Z., Pan, Q., Lee, B.S.: Adaptive randomized epidemic routing for disruption tolerant networks. In: 5th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, pp. 424–429 (2009)
Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., Raghavendra, C.S.: Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks. In: ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking, pp. 252–259 (2005)
Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., Raghavendra, C.S.: Spray and focus: Efficient mobility-assisted routing for heterogeneous and correlated mobility. In: 5th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, pp. 79–85 (2007)
Burgess, J., Gallagher, B., Jensen, D., Levine, B.N.: Maxprop: Routing for vehicle-based disruption-tolerant networks. IEEE Infocom 2006(6), 1–11 (2006)
Lindgren, A., Doria, A., Schelén, O.: Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review 7(3), 19–20 (2003)
Keränen, A., Ott, J., Kärkkäinen, T.: The ONE simulator for DTN protocol evaluation. In: 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, p. 55 (2009)
Balazinska, M., Castro, P.: Characterizing mobility and network usage in a corporate wireless local-area network. In: 1st ACM International Conference on Mobile systems, applications and services, pp. 303–316 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yu, C., Bao, C., Jin, H. (2015). Hierarchical Geographical Tags Based Routing Scheme in Delay/Disruption Tolerant Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In: Zu, Q., Hu, B., Gu, N., Seng, S. (eds) Human Centered Computing. HCC 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8944. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15554-8_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15554-8_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15553-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15554-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)