Abstract
Software has become an integral part of our daily lives and should therefore account for human values such as trust, autonomy and privacy. Human values have received increased attention in the field of Requirements Engineering over the last few years, but existing work offers no systematic way to use elicited values in requirements engineering and evaluation processes. In earlier work we proposed the Value Story workshop, a domain-independent method that connects value elicitation techniques from the field of Human-Computer Interaction to the identification of user stories, a common requirements specification format in Requirements Engineering. This paper studies whether user stories obtained in a Value Story workshop 1) adequately account for values, and 2) are usable by developers. The results of an empirical evaluation show that values are significantly better incorporated in user stories obtained in a Value Story workshop than through user stories obtained in regular requirements elicitation workshops. The results also show that value-based user stories are deemed valuable to the end-user, but rated less well on their size, estimableness and testability. This paper concludes that the Value Story workshop is a promising method for embedding values in the Requirements Engineering process, but that value-based user stories need to be translated to use cases to make them suitable for planning and organizing implementation activities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Buglione, L., Abran, A.: Improving the user story agile technique using the invest criteria. In: Proceedings of IWSM, pp. 49–53. IEEE (2013)
Cockburn, A.: Writing effective use cases. Pearson Education (2001)
Cockton, G.: Designing worth is worth designing. In: Proceedings of the 4th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Changing Roles, NordiCHI 2006, pp. 165–174. ACM, New York (2006)
Cohn, M.: User stories applied: For agile software development. Addison-Wesley Professional (2004)
COMPEIT: (2014). http://www.compeit.eu/
Czeskis, A., Dermendjieva, I., Yapit, H., Borning, A., Friedman, B., Gill, B., Kohno, T.: Parenting from the pocket: value tensions and technical directions for secure and private parent-teen mobile safety. In: Usable Privacy and Security, pp. 15:1–15:15. ACM (2010)
de Greef, T., Mohabir, A., van der Poel, I., Neerincx, M: sCEthics: embedding ethical values in cognitive engineering. In: Proceedings of the 31st European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, p. 4. ACM (2013)
Denning, T., Borning, A., Friedman, B., Gill, B.T., Kohno, T., Maisel, W.H.: Patients, pacemakers, and implantable defibrillators: human values and security for wireless implantable medical devices. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 917–926. ACM (2010)
Detweiler, C., Hindriks, K.: Value-sensitive design patterns for pervasive health care. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOM Workshops), pp. 908–913. IEEE (2012)
Detweiler, C., Hindriks, K., Jonker, C.: Principles for value-sensitive agent-oriented software engineering. In: Weyns, D., Gleizes, M.-P. (eds.) AOSE 2010. LNCS, vol. 6788, pp. 1–16. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Detweiler, C.A., Harbers, M., Hindriks, K.: Value stories: putting values into requirements engineering. In: Proceedings of CREARE (2014)
Dobson, J., Strens, R.: Organisational requirements definition for information technology systems. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Requirements Engineering, pp. 158–165, April 1994
Flanagan, M., Howe, D.C., Nissenbaum, H.: Embodying Values in Technology: Theory and Practice, pp. 322–353. Cambridge University Press (2008)
Flanagan, M., Nissenbaum, H.: A game design methodology to incorporate social activist themes. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 181–190. ACM (2007)
Friedman, B., Hendry, D.: The envisioning cards: a toolkit for catalyzing humanistic and technical imaginations. In: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1145–1148. ACM (2012)
Friedman, B., Kahn Jr., P.H., Borning, A., Huldtgren, A.: Value sensitive design and information systems. In: Early Engagement and New Technologies: Opening up the Laboratory, pp. 55–95. Springer (2013)
Harbers, M., Neerincx, M.A.: Value sensitive design of automated workload distribution support for traffic control teams. In: Proceedings of HCII (2014)
IQmulus: (2014). https://www.iqmulus.eu/
Koch, S.H., Proynova, R., Paech, B., Wetter, T.: How to approximate users’ values while preserving privacy: experiences with using attitudes towards work tasks as proxies for personal value elicitation. Ethics and Information Technology 15(1), 45–61 (2013)
Maiden, N.: User requirements and system requirements. IEEE Software 25(2), 90–91 (2008)
Maiden, N., Robertson, S.: Developing use cases and scenarios in the requirements process. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2005, pp. 561–570. ACM, New York (2005)
Manders-Huits, N.: What values in design? the challenge of incorporating moral values into design. Science and Engineering Ethics 17(2), 271–287 (2011)
Miller, J.K., Friedman, B., Jancke, G.: Value tensions in design: the value sensitive design, development, and appropriation of a corporation’s groupware system. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work, pp. 281–290. ACM (2007)
Nathan, L.P., Klasnja, P.V., Friedman, B.: Value scenarios: a technique for envisioning systemic effects of new technologies. In: CHI 2007 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2585–2590. ACM (2007)
Neerincx, M.A., Lindenberg, J.: Situated cognitive engineering for complex task environments. In: Naturalistic Decision Making and Macrocognition, pp. 373–390 (2008)
Nissenbaum, H.: Values in the design of computer systems. Computers and Society 28(1), 38–39 (1998)
Paetsch, F., Eberlein, A., Maurer, F.: Requirements engineering and agile software development. In: 2012 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, p. 308 (2003)
Poel, I.: Translating values into design requirements. In: Michelfelder, D.P., McCarthy, N., Goldberg, D.E. (eds.) Philosophy and Engineering: Reflections on Practice, Principles and Process. Philosophy of Engineering and Technology, vol. 15, pp. 253–266. Springer, Netherlands (2013)
Proynova, R., Paech, B., Wicht, A., Wetter, T.: Use of personal values in requirements engineering – a research preview. In: Wieringa, R., Persson, A. (eds.) REFSQ 2010. LNCS, vol. 6182, pp. 17–22. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Ramos, I., Berry, D., Carvalho, J.: Requirements engineering for organizational transformation. Information and Software Technology 47(7), 479–495 (2005)
Savolainen, J., Kuusela, J., Vilavaara, A.: Transition to agile development - rediscovery of important requirements engineering practices. In: Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), pp. 289–294. IEEE (2010)
Sutcliffe, A.: Scenario-based requirements engineering. In: Requirements Engineering Conference, pp. 320–329 (2003)
Thew, S., Sutcliffe, A.: Investigating the role of ’soft issues’ in the re process. In: International Conference on Requirements Engineering, pp. 63–66. IEEE (2008)
Waldmann, B.: There’s never enough time: doing requirements under resource constraints, and what requirements engineering can learn from agile development. In: Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), pp. 301–305. IEEE (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Harbers, M., Detweiler, C., Neerincx, M.A. (2015). Embedding Stakeholder Values in the Requirements Engineering Process. In: Fricker, S., Schneider, K. (eds) Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality. REFSQ 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9013. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16101-3_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16101-3_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16100-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16101-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)