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On Discord Between Expected and Actual Developments in Applications of Fuzzy Logic During Its First Fifty Years

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Book cover Fifty Years of Fuzzy Logic and its Applications

Part of the book series: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing ((STUDFUZZ,volume 326))

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Abstract

Developments of applications of fuzzy logic during the first fifty years of its existence are examined in this paper with the aim of comparing the actual developments with the expected ones in various areas of human affairs. It is shown that in many of the examined areas the actual developments turned out to be very different from the expected ones. In each area, an attempt is made to explain reasons for this surprising discord between reasonable expectations and the actual developments.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For historical details regarding this very brief summary, see the recent book by Belohlavek, Dauben and Klir [1].

  2. 2.

    However, this statement makes sense only since the 1990s, when the first systems of fuzzy logic in the narrow emerged through the work of Peter Hájek [4] and other logicians.

  3. 3.

    Atkins, P. W.: Physical Chemistry, 3rd Edition, p. 406. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford (1986).

  4. 4.

    Bridgman was an excellent experimental physicist who had been most of his academic career with Harvard University. In 1946, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his groundbreaking work on the physics of high pressures. He also wrote extensively on measurement in physics and on various other aspects of philosophy of science.

  5. 5.

    In general, a concept is viewed in psychology as a mental representation of a class of real or abstract entities, which is usually called a concept category. In the psychology of concepts, a concept is usually viewed more specifically as a body of knowledge regarding the entities in the associated concept category that is stored in the long-term memory (sometimes called a semantic memory) and employed by default in most of cognitive processes.

  6. 6.

    Introduction a la Theorie des Sous-Ensembles: vol. 1 (1973); vol. 2 (1975); vol. 3 (1975); vol. 4 (1977). Masson et Cie Editeurs. Only the first volume was published later in English [48].

  7. 7.

    Market situation influenced by a few producers.

  8. 8.

    Nash, J. F. Equilibrium points in n-person games. Proc. of the National Academy of Sciences 36, 48-49 (1950).

  9. 9.

    Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh was born in Tabriz, Iran in 1942. In the 1960s and 1970s, he studied medicine and philosophy at the German universities of Münster, Berlin, and Göttingen. He has been for many years with the University of Münster, where he worked in the area of analytic philosophy of medicine, and where he is now s professor-emeritus.

  10. 10.

    This was actually suggested by the Russian musicologist N. A. Garbuzov in 1948 in his book entitled “Zonal Nature of the Human Aural Perception (in Russian), published by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow and Leningrad.

  11. 11.

    The famous systematic collection of 24 preludes and 24 fugues, each written in all 12 major and 12 minor keys, which are known under the German name “Das Wohltemperierte Klavier” (The Well-Tempered Clavier), were composed by Johann Sebastian Bach to provide an ultimate practical test that a piano is properly tuned in a well tempered way. After they are all played on the piano to be tested and each composition is perceived as well tuned, then the piano may be certified as perfectly well-tempered.

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  1. Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA

    George J. Klir

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  1. George J. Klir
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  1. Department of Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA

    Dan E. Tamir

  2. School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

    Naphtali D. Rishe

  3. School of Computing and Information Sciences, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA, and Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

    Abraham Kandel

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Klir, G.J. (2015). On Discord Between Expected and Actual Developments in Applications of Fuzzy Logic During Its First Fifty Years. In: Tamir, D., Rishe, N., Kandel, A. (eds) Fifty Years of Fuzzy Logic and its Applications. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol 326. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19683-1_12

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