Skip to main content

Software Effort Estimation Using Functional Link Neural Networks Tuned with Active Learning and Optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 8947))

Abstract

This paper puts forward a new learning model based on the collaborative effort of active learning and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in functional link artificial neural networks (FLANNs) to estimate software effort. The active learning uses quick algorithm to detect the essential content of the datasets by which the dataset is reduced and are processed through PSO optimized FLANN. The PSO uses the inertia weight, which is an important parameter in PSO that significantly affects the convergence and exploration-exploitation in the search space while training FLANN. The Chebyshev polynomial has been used for mapping the original feature space from lower to higher dimensional functional space. The method has been evaluated exhaustively on different test suits of PROMISE repository to study the performance. The computational results show that the active learning along with PSO optimized FLANN greatly improves the performance of the model and its variants for software development effort estimation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bakr, A., Turhan, B., Bener, A.: A comparative study of estimating software development effort intervals. Softw. Qual. J. 19, 537–552 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. de Araujo, R.A., Oliveria, A.L.I., Soares, S.: A shift-invariant morphological system for software development cost estimation. Expert Syst. Appl. 38, 4162–4168 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Braga, P.L., Oliveria, A.L.I., Ribeiro, G.H.T., Meria, S.R.L.: Software effort estimation using machine learning techniques with robust confidence intervals. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI), pp. 181–185 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kocaguneli, E., Menzies, T., Keung, J., Cok, D., Madachy, R.: Active learning and effort estimation: Finding the essential content of software effort estimation data. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 39(8), 1040–1053 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Foss, T., Stenrud, E., Kitchenham, B., Myrtveit, I.: A Simulation study of the model evaluation criterion MMRE. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 29(11), 985–995 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Keung, J.W.: Theoretical maximum prediction accuracy for analogy-based software cost estimation. In: Proceedings of 15th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, pp. 495–502 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Menzies, T., Caglayan, B., Kocaguneli, E., Krall, J., Peters, F., Turhan, B.: The PROMISE Repository of Empirical Software Engineering Data. Department of Computer Science, West Virginia Universit (2012). http://promisedata.googlecode.com

  8. Stensrud, E., Foss, T., Kitchenham, B.A., Myrtveit, I.: An empirical validation of the relationship between the magnitude of relative error and project size. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 8th Metrics Symposium, pp. 3–12 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Tirimula Rao, B., Sameet, B., Kiran Swathi, G., Vikram Gupta, K., Raviteja, Ch., Sumana, S.: A novel neural network approach for software cost estimation using functional link artificial neural networks. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur. (IJCSNS) 9(6), 126–131 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tirimula Rao, B., Dehuri, S., Mall, R.: Functional link artificial neural networks for software cost estimation. Int. J. Appl. Evol. Comput. (IJAEC) 3(2), 62–82 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tirimula Rao, B., Chinnababu, K., Mall, R., Dehuri, S.: Particle swarm optimized functional link artificial neural networks (PSO-FLANN) n software cost estimation. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Frontiers of Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications (FICTA), Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 199, pp. 59–66 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Dehuri, S., Cho, S.-B.: Evolutionarily optimized features in functional link neural network for classification. Expert Syst. Appl. 37(6), 4379–4391 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Dehrui, S., Cho, S.-B.: A comprehensive survey on functional link neural networks and an adaptive PSO-BP learning for CFLNN. Neural Comput. Appl. 19(2), 187–205 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Tirimula Rao, B., Dehuri, S., Mall, R.: Computational intelligence in software cost estimation: an emerging paradigm. ACM SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes 37(3), 1–7 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Chakravarty, S., Dash, P.L., Pandi, V.R., Panigrahi, B.K.: An evolutionary functional link neural fuzzy model for financial time series forecasting. Int. J. Appl. Evol. Comput. 2(3), 27–38 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Cohen, J.: Quantitative methods in psychology: a power primer. Psychol. Bull. 112(1), 155–159 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Minku, Leondro L., Yao, Xin: Ensembles and locality: insight on improving software effort estimation. Inf. Softw. Technol. 55(8), 1512–1528 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Shepperd, M., MacDonell, S.: Evaluating prediction systems in software project estimation. Inf. Softw. Technol. 54(8), 820–827 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Abutheraa, M.A., Lester, D.: Computable function representations using effective Chebyshev polynomial. Int. J. Math. Comput. Phys. Quantum Eng. 1(7), 294–300 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Tirimula Rao B., Mall, R., Dehuri, S., ChinnaBabu, K.: Software effort prediction using unsupervised learning (clustering) and functional link artificial neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies, India, pp. 115–120 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R.C.: Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth, Australia, pp. 1942–1948 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tirimula Rao Benala .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Benala, T.R., Mall, R., Dehuri, S., Swetha, P. (2015). Software Effort Estimation Using Functional Link Neural Networks Tuned with Active Learning and Optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization. In: Panigrahi, B., Suganthan, P., Das, S. (eds) Swarm, Evolutionary, and Memetic Computing. SEMCCO 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8947. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20294-5_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20294-5_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20293-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20294-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics