Abstract
Several applications demand the segmentation of images in skin and non-skin regions, such as face recognition, hand gesture detection, nudity recognition, among others. Human skin detection is still a challenging task since it depends on inumerous factors, for instance, illumination conditions, ethnicity variation and image resolution. This work proposes and analyzes a skin segmentation method improved by saliency detection. Experimental results on public data sets demonstrate significant improvement of the proposed skin segmentation method over state-of-the-art approaches.
Chapter PDF
References
Achanta, R., Estrada, F.J., Wils, P., Süsstrunk, S.: Salient region detection and segmentation. In: Gasteratos, A., Vincze, M., Tsotsos, J.K. (eds.) ICVS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5008, pp. 66–75. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Cheddad, A., Condell, J., Curran, K., Mc Kevitt, P.: A Skin Tone Detection Algorithm for an Adaptive Approach to Steganography. Signal Processing 89(12), 2465–2478 (2009)
Cheng, M.M., Zhang, G.X., Mitra, N.J., Huang, X., Hu, S.M.: Global contrast based salient region detection. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 409–416. IEEE (2011)
Fritsch, J., Lang, S., Kleinehagenbrock, M., Fink, G.A., Sagerer, G.: Improving adaptive skin color segmentation by incorporating results from face detection. In: 11th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, pp. 337–343 (2002)
Goferman, S., Zelnik-Manor, L., Tal, A.: Context-Aware Saliency Detection. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 34(10), 1915–1926 (2012)
Guo, C., Ma, Q., Zhang, L.: Spatio-temporal saliency detection using phase spectrum of quaternion fourier transform. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1–8. IEEE (2008)
Hou, X., Harel, J., Koch, C.: Image Signature: Highlighting Sparse Salient Regions. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 34(1), 194–201 (2012)
Hou, X., Zhang, L.: Saliency detection: a spectral residual approach. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1–8. IEEE (2007)
Jiang, Z., Yao, M., Jiang, W.: Skin detection using color, texture and space information. In: Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 3, pp. 366–370 (2007)
Jones, M.J., Rehg, J.M.: Statistical Color Models with Application to Skin Detection. International Journal of Computer Vision 46(1), 81–96 (2002)
Kakumanu, P., Makrogiannis, S., Bourbakis, N.: A Survey of Skin-Color Modeling and Detection Methods. Pattern Recognition 40(3), 1106–1122 (2007)
Kawulok, M.: Energy-based Blob Analysis for Improving Precision of Skin Segmentation. Multimedia Tools and Applications 49(3), 463–481 (2010)
Kawulok, M.: Fast propagation-based skin regions segmentation in color images. In: 10th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 1–7 (2013)
Kawulok, M., Nalepa, J., Kawulok, J.: Skin detection and segmentation in color images. In: Advances in Low-Level Color Image Processing, pp. 329–366. Springer (2014)
Kovac, J., Peer, P., Solina, F.: Human skin color clustering for face detection. In: International Conference on Computer as a Tool (Eurocon), vol. 2, pp. 144–148, September 2003. IEEE
Ng, P., Pun, C.M.: Skin color segmentation by texture feature extraction and K-mean clustering. In: Third International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks, pp. 213–218. IEEE (2011)
Phung, S.L., Bouzerdoum, A., Chai Sr, D.: Skin Segmentation using Color Pixel Classification: Analysis and Comparison. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 27(1), 148–154 (2005)
Phung, S.L., Chai, D., Bouzerdoum, A.: Adaptive skin segmentation in color images. In: International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, vol. 3, pp. III-173 (2003)
Santos, A., Pedrini, H.: A self-adaptation method for human skin segmentation based on seed growing. In: 10th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, pp. 455–462. Berlin, Germany (March 2015)
Saxen, F., Al-Hamadi, A.: Color-based skin segmentation: an evaluation of the state of the art. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 4467–4471. IEEE (2014)
Sobottka, K., Pitas, I.: A Novel Method for Automatic Face Segmentation, Facial Feature Sxtraction and Tracking. Signal Processing: Image Communication 12(3), 263–281 (1998)
Ruiz-del Solar, J., Verschae, R.: Skin detection using neighborhood information. In: Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 463–468. IEEE (2004)
Soriano, M., Martinkauppi, B., Huovinen, S., Laaksonen, M.: Skin detection in video under changing illumination conditions. In: 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, pp. 839–842. IEEE (2000)
Subban, R., Mishra, R.: Human skin segmentation in color images using gaussian color model. In: Thampi, S.M., Abraham, A., Pal, S.K., Rodriguez, J.M.C. (eds.) Recent Advances in Intelligent Informatics. AISC, vol. 235, pp. 13–21. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Vezhnevets, V., Sazonov, V., Andreeva, A.: A survey on pixel-based skin color detection techniques. In: Graphicon, vol. 3, pp. 85–92. Moscow, Russia (2003)
Wei, Y., Wen, F., Zhu, W., Sun, J.: Geodesic saliency using background priors. In: Fitzgibbon, A., Lazebnik, S., Perona, P., Sato, Y., Schmid, C. (eds.) ECCV 2012, Part III. LNCS, vol. 7574, pp. 29–42. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Yang, C., Zhang, L., Lu, H., Ruan, X., Yang, M.H.: Saliency detection via graph-based manifold ranking. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3166–3173. IEEE (2013)
Yang, M.H., Ahuja, N.: Gaussian mixture model for human skin color and its application in image and video databases. In: SPIE: Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Databases VII, vol. 3656, pp. 458–466 (1999)
Zhu, Q., Wu, C.T., Cheng, K.T., Wu, Y.L.: An adaptive skin model and its application to objectionable image filtering. In: 12th annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 56–63. ACM (2004)
Zhu, W., Liang, S., Wei, Y., Sun, J.: Saliency optimization from robust background detection. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2814–2821. IEEE (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Santos, A., Pedrini, H. (2015). Human Skin Segmentation Improved by Saliency Detection. In: Azzopardi, G., Petkov, N. (eds) Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns. CAIP 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9257. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23117-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23117-4_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-23116-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-23117-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)