Abstract
We propose a new methodology based on continuous Bayesian networks for assessing species richness. Specifically, we applied a restricted structure Bayesian network, known as tree augmented naive Bayes, regarding a set of environmental continuous predictors. Firstly, we analyzed the relationships between the response variable (called the terrestrial vertebrate species richness) and a set of environmental predictors. Secondly, the learnt model was used to estimate the species richness in Andalusia (Spain) and the results were depicted on a map. The model managed to deal with the species richness - environment relationship, which is complex from the ecological point of view. The results highlight that landscape heterogeneity, topographical and social variables had a direct relationship with species richness while climatic variables showed more complicated relationships with the response.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Data sources: Andalusian Environmental Network, Spanish Inventory of Terrestrial Species, Spanish National Geographic Institute and Multiterritorial Information System of Andalusia.
- 2.
Variables representing landscape structure [3], calculated from the Andalusian Land Use and Land Cover Map.
References
Aguilera, P.A., Fernández, A., Fernández, R., Rumí, R., Salmerón, A.: Bayesian networks in environmental modelling. Environ. Model. Softw. 26, 1376–1388 (2011)
Aguilera, P.A., Fernández, A., Reche, F., Rumí, R.: Hybrid Bayesian network classifiers: application to species distribution models. Environ. Model. Softw. 25(12), 1630–1639 (2010)
Atauri, J., de Lucio, J.: The role of landscape structure in species richness distribution of birds, amphibians, reptiles and lepidopterans in Mediterranean landscapes. Landscape Ecol. 16, 147–159 (2001)
Balmford, A., Moore, J.L., Brooks, T., Burges, N., Hansen, L.A., Williams, P., Rahbek, C.: Conservation conflicts across Africa. Science 291, 2616–2619 (2001)
Boone, R.B., Krohn, W.B.: Partioning sources of variation in vertebrate species richness. J. Biogeogr. 27, 457–470 (2000)
Chown, S.L., van Rensburg, B.J., Gaston, K.J., Rodrigues, A.S.L., van Jaarsveld, A.S.: Energy, species richness and human population size: conservation implications at a national scale. Ecol. Appl. 15(5), 1233–1241 (2003)
Currie, D.J.: Energy and large-scale patterns of animal- and plant- species richness. Am. Nat. 137, 27–49 (1991)
Diniz-Filho, J.A.F., Bini, L.M., Vieira, C.M., Blamires, D., Terribile, L.C., Bastos, R.P., de Oliveira, G., de Souza Barreto, B.: Spatial patterns of terrestrial vertebrate species richness in the brazilian Cerrado. Zool. Stud. 42(2), 146–157 (2008)
Fernández, A., Morales, M., Salmerón, A.: Tree augmented naive bayes for regression using mixtures of truncated exponentials: application to higher education management. In: Berthold, M., Shawe-Taylor, J., Lavrač, N. (eds.) IDA 2007. LNCS, vol. 4723, pp. 59–69. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Fernández, A., Salmerón, A.: Extension of Bayesian network classifiers to regression problems. In: Geffner, H., Prada, R., Machado Alexandre, I., David, N. (eds.) IBERAMIA 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5290, pp. 83–92. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Friedman, N., Geiger, D., Goldszmidt, M.: Bayesian network classifiers. Mach. Learn. 29, 131–163 (1997)
Graham, J.H., Duda, J.J.: The humpbacked species richness-curves: a contingent rule for community ecology. Int. J. Ecol. 2011, 1–15 (2011)
Hawkins, B.A., Porter, E.E., Diniz-Filho, J.A.F.: Productivity and history as predictors of the latitudinal diversity gradient of terrestrial birds. Ecology 84(6), 1608–1623 (2003)
Hutchinson, G.E.: Homage to Santa Rosalia or Why are there so many kinds of animals? Am. Nat. 93, 145–159 (1959)
Jellinek, S., Rumpff, L., Driscoll, D.A., Parris, K.M., Wintle, B.A.: Modelling the benefits of habitat restoration in socio-ecological systems. Biol. Conserv. 169, 60–67 (2014)
Kerr, J.T., Packer, L.: Habitat heterogeneity as a determinant of mammal species richness in high-energy regions. Nature 385, 252–254 (1997)
Lacave, C., Luque, M., Díez, F.J.: Explanation of Bayesian networks and influence diagrams in Elvira. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B Cybern. 37, 952–965 (2007)
Langseth, H., Nielsen, T.D., Rumí, R., Salmerón, A.: Mixtures of Truncated Basis Functions. Int. J. Approximate Reasoning 53(2), 212–227 (2012)
Langseth, H., Nielsen, T., Pérez-Bernabé, I., Salmerón, A.: Learning mixtures of truncated basis functions from data. Int. J. Approximate Reasoning 55, 940–956 (2014)
Li, L., Wang, Z., Zerbe, S., Abdusalih, N., Tang, Z., Ma, M., Yin, L., Mohammat, A., Han, W., Fang, J.: Species richness patterns and water-energy dynamics in the drylands of northwest China. PLoS ONE 8, e66450 (2013)
MacArthur, R.H., Wilson, E.O.: The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1967)
Moral, S., Rumí, R., Salmerón, A.: Mixtures of truncated exponentials in hybrid Bayesian networks. In: Benferhat, S., Besnard, P. (eds.) ECSQARU 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2143, pp. 156–167. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Moreno-Rueda, G., Pizarron, M.: The relative influence of climate, environmental heterogeneity, and human population on the distribution of vertebrate species richness in south-eastern Spain. Acta Oecologica 32, 50–58 (2007)
Mori, T., Saitoh, T.: Flood disturbance and predator-prey effects on regional gradients in species diversity. Ecology 95(1), 132–141 (2014)
van Rensburg, B.J., Chown, S.L., Gaston, K.J.: Species richness, environmental correlates and spatial scale: a test usign south african birds. Am. Nat. 159, 566–577 (2002)
Ruiz-Labourdette, D., Nogués-Bravo, D., Ollero, H.S., Schmitz, M.F., Pineda, F.D.: Forest composition in Mediterranean mountains is projected to shift along the entire elevational gradient under climate change. J. Biogeogr. 39, 162–176 (2012)
Schmitz, M., Pineda, F., Castro, H., Aranzabal, I.D., Aguilera, P.: Cultural landscape and socioeconomic structure. Environmental value and demand for tourism in a Mediterranean territory. Consejería de Medio Ambiente. Junta de Andalucía. Sevilla (2005)
Shenoy, P.P., West, J.C.: Inference in hybrid Bayesian networks using mixtures of polynomials. Int. J. Approximate Reasoning 52(5), 641–657 (2011)
Stone, M.: Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. J. R. Stat. Soci. Ser. B (Methodological) 36(2), 111–147 (1974)
Thornthwaite, C., Mather, J.: The Water Balance. Drexel Institute of Technology (Philadelphia) Laboratory of Climatology, vol. 8(1). Publications in climatology, Centerton (1955)
Wright, D.H.: Species-energy theory: an extension of species-area theory. Oikos 141, 496–506 (1983)
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project TIN2013-46638-C3-1-P, by Junta de Andalucía through projects P12-TIC-2541 and P11-TIC-7821 and by ERDF (FEDER) funds. A.D. Maldonado and R. F. Ropero are being supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport through an FPU research grant, FPU2013/00547 and AP2012-2117 respectively.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Maldonado, A.D., Ropero, R.F., Aguilera, P.A., Rumí, R., Salmerón, A. (2015). Estimation of Species Richness Using Bayesian Networks. In: Puerta, J., et al. Advances in Artificial Intelligence. CAEPIA 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9422. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24598-0_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24598-0_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-24597-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-24598-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)