Skip to main content

Towards Auto-Extracting Car Park Structures: Image Processing Approach on Low Powered Devices

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNIP,volume 9429))

Abstract

There have been numerous interests in the area of detecting availability of car park bay using image processing techniques instead of utilizing expensive sensors. An area that has been neglected in doing so is the initial calibration of the image capturing device on the need to determine the car park structures. This paper proposes a technique that addresses this issue, using the limited processing capabilities of embedded systems. The results are promising, where in its current form, is semi-automated calibration for the car park structure detection and further enhancements can be made, to make it completely automated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bong, D.B.L., Ting, K.C., Lai, K.C.: Integrated approach in the design of car park occupancy information system (COINS). IAENG Int. J. Comput. Sci. 35(1), 7–14 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Delibaltov, D., Wu, W., Loce, R.P., Bernal, E., Parking lot occupancy determination from lamp-post camera images. In: 16th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), pp. 2387–2392. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fabian, T.: An algorithm for parking lot occupation detection. In: 7th Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, CISIM 2008, pp. 165–170. IEEE (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Huang, C.C., Wang, S.J.: A hierarchical bayesian generation framework for vacant parking space detection. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. Video Technol. 20(12), 1770–1785 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Huang, C.C., Dai, Y.S., Wang, S.J.: A surface-based vacant space detection for an intelligent parking lot. In: 12th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST), pp. 284–288. IEEE, November 2012

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jermsurawong, J., Ahsan, M.U., Haidar, A., Dong, H., Mavridis, N.: Car parking vacancy detection and its application in 24-hour statistical analysis. In: 10th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT), pp. 84–90. IEEE (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sun, J., Messinger, D.: Parking lot process model incorporated into DIRSIG scene simulation. In: SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, pp. 83900I–83900I. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Tan, I.K., Hoong, P.K., Hong, C.K., Wen, L.Z.: Towards the implementation of an ubiquitous car park availability detection system. In: (Jong Hyuk) Park, J.J., Zomaya, A., Jeong, H.-Y., Obaidat, M. (eds.) Frontier and Innovation in Future Computing and Communications. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 301, pp. 875–884. Springer, Netherlands (2014)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Wah, C.: Parking Space Vacancy Monitoring. Projects in Vision and Learning. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.329.8151&rep=rep1&type=pdf (2009). Accessed 10 July 2015

  10. Wu, Q., Huang, C., Wang, S.Y., Chiu, W.C., Chen, T.: Robust parking space detection considering inter-space correlation. In: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 659–662. IEEE (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Yusnita, R., Norbaya, F., Basharuddin, N.: Intelligent parking space detection system based on image processing. Int. J. Innov. Manage. Technol. 3(3), 232–235 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hinz, S.: Detection and counting of cars in aerial images. In: Proceedings of 2003 International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2003, vol. 3, pp. III-997. IEEE (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Funck, S., Mohler, N., Oertel, W.: Determining car-park occupancy from single images. In: 2004 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, pp. 325–328. IEEE (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Zheng, Y., Rajasegarar, S., Leckie, C., Palaniswami, M.: Smart car parking: temporal clustering and anomaly detection in urban car parking. In: 2014 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ashok, V.G., Gupta, A.J.A.Y., Shiva, S.A.N.D.E.E.P., Iyer, H., Gowda, D., Srinivas, A.: A novel parking solution for metropolitan parking garages. In: The 3rd WSEAS International Conference on Urban Planning and Transportation (UPT 2010), pp. 153–159 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mathur, S., Kaul, S., Gruteser, M., Trappe, W.: Parknet: a mobile sensor network for harvesting real time vehicular parking information. In: Proceedings of the 2009 MobiHoc S 3 Workshop on MobiHoc S 3, pp. 25–28. ACM (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tang, V.W., Zheng, Y., Cao, J.: An intelligent car park management system based on wireless sensor networks. In: 2006 1st International Symposium on Pervasive Computing and Applications, pp. 65–70. IEEE (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Cheng, L., Tong, L., Li, M., Liu, Y.: Extracting parking lot structures from aerial photographs. Photogram. Eng. Remote Sens. 80(2), 151–160 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Seo, Y.W., Urmson, C.: A hierarchical image analysis for extracting parking lot structures from aerial image. Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-09-03, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Seo, Y.W., Ratliff, N.D., Urmson, C.: Self-supervised aerial image analysis for extracting parking lot structure. In: IJCAI, pp. 1837–1842 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Tong, L., Cheng, L., Li, M., Wang, J., Du, P.: Integration of LiDAR data and orthophoto for automatic extraction of parking lot structure. Sel. Top. IEEE J. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 7(2), 503–514 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tschentscher, M., Neuhausen, M., Koch, C., König, M., Salmen, J., Schlipsing, M.: Comparing image features and machine learning algorithms for real-time parking space classification. In: Computing in Civil Engineering, pp. 363–370 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Felzenszwalb, P.F., Girshick, R.B., McAllester, D., Ramanan, D.: Object detection with discriminatively trained part-based models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32(9), 1627–1645 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Schneiderman, H., Kanade, T.: Object detection using the statistics of parts. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 56(3), 151–177 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Bradski, G., Kaehler, A.: Learning OpenCV: Computer vision with the OpenCV library. O’Reilly Media Inc., California (2008)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ian K. T. Tan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Tan, I.K.T., Poo, K.H., Yap, C.H. (2015). Towards Auto-Extracting Car Park Structures: Image Processing Approach on Low Powered Devices. In: Badioze Zaman, H., et al. Advances in Visual Informatics. IVIC 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9429. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25939-0_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25939-0_28

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25938-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25939-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics