Skip to main content

Towards Unsupervised Learning for Arabic Handwritten Recognition Using Deep Architectures

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2015)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 9489))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

In the pattern recognition field and especially in the Handwriting recognition one, the Deep learning is becoming the new trend in Artificial Intelligence with the sheer size of raw data available nowadays. In this paper, we highlights how Deep Learning techniques can be effectively applied for recognizing Arabic handwritten script, our field of interest, and this by investigating two deep architectures: Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The two proposed architectures take the raw data as input and proceed with a greedy layer-wise unsupervised learning algorithm. The experimental study has proved promising results which are comparable or even superior to the standard classifiers with an efficiency of DBN over CNN architecture.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Mohamed, A., Dahl, G., Hinton, G.: Acoustic modeling using deep belief networks. IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 20(1), 14–22 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86(11), 2278–2324 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhong, S., Liu, Y., Liu, Y.: Bilinear deep learning for image classification. In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 343–352 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Karpathy, A., Joulin, A., Fei-Fei, L.: Deep fragment embeddings for bidirectional image sentence mapping. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1889–1897 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ranzato, M., Huang, F., Boureau, Y., LeCun, Y.: Unsupervised learning of invariant feature hierarchies with applications to object recognition. In: Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR), pp. 1–8. IEEE Press (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ciresan, D.C., Meier, U., Schmidhuber, J.: Transfer learning for latin and Chinese characters with deep neural networks. In: Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1–6. IEEE Press (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ciresan, D.C., Schmidhuber, J.: Multi-Column Deep Neural Networks for Offline Handwritten Chinese Character Classification. IDSIA Technical Report No. IDSIA-05-13 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Salakhutdinov, R., Tenenbaum, J.B., Torralba, A.: Learning with hierarchical-deep models. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(8), 1958–1971 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bengio, Y., Lamblin, P., Popovici, D., Larochelle, H.: Greedy layer-wise training of deep networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pp. 153–160 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tagougui, N., Kherallah, M., Alimi, A.M.: Online Arabic handwriting recognition: a survey. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recogn. (IJDAR) 16(3), 209–226 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. El Abed, H., Margner, V.: Comparison of different preprocessing and feature extraction methods for offline recognition of handwritten Arabic words. In: Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp. 974–978 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Al-Hajj Mohamad, R., Likforman-Sulem, L., Mokbel, C.: Combining slanted-frame classifiers for improved HMM-based Arabic handwriting recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 31, 1165–1177 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Benouareth, A., Ennaji, A., Sellami, M.: HMMs with explicit state duration applied to handwritten Arabic word recognition. In: 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 897–900 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Benouareth, A., Ennaji, A., Sellami, M.: Semi-continuous HMMs with explicit state duration for unconstrained Arabic word modeling and recognition. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 29, 1742–1752 (2008)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen, J., Cao, H., Prasad, R., Bhardwaj, A., Natarajan, P.: Gabor features for offline arabic handwriting recognition. In: Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS), pp. 53–58 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hamdi, R., Bouchareb, F., Bedda, M.: Handwritten Arabic character recognition based on SVM Classifier. In: 3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: From Theory to Applications (ICTTA), pp. 1–4. IEEE Press (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Chherawala, Y., Roy, P.P., Cheriet, M.: Feature design for offline Arabic handwriting recognition: handcrafted vs automated?. In: 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp. 290–294 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Porwal, U., Zhou, Y., Govindaraju, V.: Handwritten Arabic text recognition using deep belief networks. In: 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 302–305. IEEE Press (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hinton, G., Osindero, S., Teh, Y.W.: A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets. Neural Comput. 18(7), 1527–1554 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Tieleman, T., Hinton, G.: Using fast weights to improve persistent contrastive divergence. In: Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), pp. 1033–1040 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Rumelhart, D.E., Hinton, G.E., Williams, R.J.: Learning representations by back-propagating errors nature. Nature 323(9), 533–536 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Mohamed, A., Sainath, T.N., Dahl, G., Ramabhadran, B., Hinton, G.E., Picheny, M.A.: Deep belief networks using discriminative features for phone recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 5060–5063 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hinton, G.E.: Training products of experts by minimizing contrastive divergence. Neural Comput. 14(8), 1771–1800 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Hinton, G.E., Salakhutdinov, R.R.: Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks. Science 313, 504–507 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86(11), 2278–2324 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. LeCun, Y., Huang, F.J., Bottou, L.: Learning methods for generic object recognition with invariance to pose and lighting. In: Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR). IEEE Press (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lawgali, A., Angelova, M., Bouridane, A.: HACDB: handwritten Arabic characters database for automatic character recognition. In: European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP), pp. 255–259 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Simard, P., Steinkraus, D., Platt, J.C.: Best practices for convolutional neural networks applied to visual document analysis. In: International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp. 958–962 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Carreira-Perpinan, M.A., Hinton, G.E.: On contrastive divergence learning. In: Proceedings of the tenth International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, pp. 33–40 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sazal, M.M.R., Biswas, S.K., Amin, M.F., Murase, K.: Bangla handwritten character recognition using deep belief network. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Electrical Communication and Information Technology (ECIT), pp. 1–5 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ciresan, D.C., Meier, U., Gambardella, L.M., Schmidhuber, J.: Convolutional neural network committees for handwritten character classification. In: 11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp. 1135–1139. IEEE Press (2011)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed Elleuch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Elleuch, M., Tagougui, N., Kherallah, M. (2015). Towards Unsupervised Learning for Arabic Handwritten Recognition Using Deep Architectures. In: Arik, S., Huang, T., Lai, W., Liu, Q. (eds) Neural Information Processing. ICONIP 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9489. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26532-2_40

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26532-2_40

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26531-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26532-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics