Abstract
In Chap. 1 of this book, the notion of some type of middleware was put forward as a likely component of an architecture for Context-Enhanced Information Fusion process designs. In this chapter, the details of a proposed middleware component are elaborated, based on the consideration of the Open System of Systems (SoS) concept and the critical concerns in such an SoS framework for maintaining data integrity and quality. The approach is developed in part by examining interdependencies among Information Fusion, Sensemaking and Decision Support processes as part of the Data-to-Decisions (D2D) paradigm described herein. In this framework, we describe the details of Middleware that facilitate the development of distributed systems by accommodating heterogeneity, hiding distribution details and providing a set of common and domain specific services. We specifically describe a middleware design called ProWare that delivers the data needed by individual fusion nodes based on their current information needs. A central concept of ProWare is the subscription-based data exchange model, which delivers data to a computing node only if the data has been requested by that node. In order to ensure correctness of the fusion algorithm output, the correctness of the input data is validated from the data consumer perspective.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
ProWare is a proactive middleware, which has been developed at the Research Laboratory for Proactive Technologies at Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia.
References
A. Riid, J. Preden, S. Astapov, Detection, identification and tracking of mobile objects with distributed system of systems, in 9th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE) (IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, 2014)
L. Motus, et al., Self-aware architecture to support partial control of emergent behavior, in Proceedings IEEE 7th International Conference on Systems of Systems Engineering (IEEE, 2012), pp. 422–427
A. Sloman, The irrelevance of turing machines to AI. Comput. New Dir. 87–127 (2002) (MIT Press)
S. Stepney, Non-classical hyper-computation. Int. J. Unconv. Comput. 5(3–4), 267–276 (2009)
P. Wegner, Why interaction is more powerful than algorithms. Comm. ACM 40(5), 81–91 (1997)
L. Motus, M. Meriste, W. Dosch, Time-awareness and proactivity in models of interactive computation. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 141, 69–95 (2005)
C. Bowman, A. Steinberg, A systems engineering approach for implementing data fusion system, in Handbook of Multisensor Data Fusion, ed. by DL Hall, James (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2001)
A. Steinberg, Data fusion system engineering, in Proceedings of Third Internationl Symposium on Information Fusion (Paris, France, 2000)
E. Waltz, J. Llinas, Multisensor Data Fusion (Artech House Inc., Boston, 1990)
G. Klein, B. Moon, R. Hoffman, Making sense of sensemaking 2: a macrocognitive model. IEEE Intell. Syst. 21 (5) (2006)
P. Pirolli, S. Card, The sensemaking process and leverage points for analyst technology as identified through cognitive task analysis, in Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligence Analysis (McLean, VA, 2005)
J. Llinas, A survey of automated methods for sensemaking support, in Proceedings of SPIE Defense and Security Conference (Next-Generation-Analyst Conference) (SPIE, Baltimore, MD, 2014)
J. Llinas, Reexamining information fusion–decision making inter-dependencies, in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Cognitive Situation Management (CogSIMA). (IEEE, San Antonio, TX, 2014a)
J. Llinas, Chapter 3 in Distributed data fusion for network-centric operations, in Network Centric Concepts: Impacts to Distributed Fusion System Design, ed. by D. Hall, C. Chee-Yee, L. James, M. Liggins II (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2012)
J. Gartska, Network centric operations conceptual framework. Report prepared by Evidence Based Research Inc for the Office of Force Transformation (2003)
A. Preece, et al., Integrating hard and soft information sources for D2D using controlled natural language, in Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) (2012)
B. Broome, Data-to-decisions: a transdisciplinary approach to decision support efforts at ARL, in Proceedings of Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR III, vol. 8389 (SPIE, Baltimore, 2012)
A. David, Keynote Address, GEOINT 2009
F. Bonomi, et al., Fog computing and its role in the internet of things, in Proceedings of the MCC Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC ‘12) (ACM, New York, USA, 2012)
J. Preden, et al., The Benefits of Self-Awareness and Attention in Fog and Mist Computing. IEEE Computer Magazine, July, 2015
L. Motus, M. Meriste, J. Preden J, Towards middleware based situation awareness, in 5th IEEE Workshop on Situation Management, Military Communications Conference (IEEE Operations Center, Boston, 2009)
L. JingYong, et al., Middleware-based distributed systems software process. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Technol. 13, 27–48 (2009)
P. Jiyong, S. Kim, W. Yoo, Designing real-time and fault-tolerant middleware for automotive software, in SICE-ICASE 2006 International Joint Conference (IEEE Computer Society, 2006), pp. 4409–4413
J. Preden, et al., Situation awareness for networked systems, in Proceedings of IEEE International Multidisciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Desicion Support—IEEE COGSIMA 2011 (IEEE, Miami, USA, 2011)
J. Preden, et al., On-line data validation in distributed data fusion, in Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR IV: SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing (SPIE, Baltimore, USA, 2013)
J. Ramage, et al., Design considerations and technologies for air defence systems, SCI-181 (NATO RTO Publications, Paris, 2010), pp. 149–174
L. Motus, M.G. Rodd, Timing Analysis of Real-Time Software (Elsevier, Oxford, 1994)
W.J. Quirk, R.P. Gilbert, The formal specification of the requirements of complex realtime of complex realtime systems. At. Energy Res. Establ. Comp. Sci. Syst. Div. (1977) (United Kingdom, Harwell)
G. Jakobson, J. Buford, L. Lewis, Situation management: basic concepts and approaches, in Information Fusion and Geographic Information Systems (2007), pp. 18–33
M.R. Endsley, D.J. Garland, Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement (Lawrence Erlbum Associates, London, 2000)
E. Rogova G.ö Bossé, Information quality in information fusion, in Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Information Fusion (2010), pp. 1–8
A. Pnueli, The temporal logic of programs, in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS) (1977), pp. 46–57
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland (outside the USA)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Preden, JS., Llinas, J., Motus, L. (2016). Middleware for Exchange and Validation of Context Data and Information. In: Snidaro, L., GarcÃa, J., Llinas, J., Blasch, E. (eds) Context-Enhanced Information Fusion. Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28971-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28971-7_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28969-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28971-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)