Skip to main content

Ecosystems Here, There, and Everywhere

A Barometrical Analysis of the Roots of ‘Software Ecosystem’

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing ((LNBIP,volume 240))

Abstract

This study structures the ecosystem literature by using a bibliometrical approach in analysing theoretical roots of ecosystem studies. Several disciplines, such as innovation, management and software studies have established own streams in the ecosystem research. This paper reports the results of analysing 601 articles from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science database, and identifies ten separate research communities which have established their own thematic ecosystem disciplines. We show that five sub-communities have emerged inside the field of software ecosystems. The software ecosystem literature draws its theoretical background from (1) technical, (2) research methodology, (3) business, (4) management, and (5) strategy oriented disciplines. The results pave the way for future research by illustrating the existing and missing links and directions in the field of the software ecosystem.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   34.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Kirkpatrick, D. Now Every Company Is A Software Company. http://www.forbes.com/sites/techonomy/2011/11/30/now-every-company-is-a-software-company/#1505e9a21100.

References

  1. Abrahamson, E.: Managerial fads and fashions: the diffusion and rejection of innovations. Acad. Manage. Rev. 16(3), 586–612 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Furnham, A.: Fads and fashions in management (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tansley, A.G.: The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms. Ecology 16(3), 284–307 (1935)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Moore, J.F.: Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition. Harvard Bus. Rev. 71(3), 75–86 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Weber, M.L., Hine, M.J.: Who inhabits a business ecosystem? the technospecies as a unifying concept. Technol. Innov. Manage. Rev. 5(5), 31–44 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Frosch, R.A., Gallopoulos, N.E.: Strategies for manufacturing. Sci. Am. 261(3), 144–152 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dedehayir, O., Ortt, J.R., Seppänen, M.: Reconfiguring the innovation ecosystem: an explorative study of disruptive change. In: International ICE Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE), pp. 1–9. IEEE (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Clarysse, B., Wright, M., Bruneel, J., Mahajan, A.: Creating value in ecosystems: crossing the chasm between knowledge and business ecosystems. Res. Policy 43(7), 1164–1176 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Basole, R.C.: Visualization of interfirm relations in a converging mobile ecosystem. J. Inf. Technol. 24(2), 144–159 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Manikas, K., Hansen, K.M.: Software ecosystems – a systematic literature review. J. Syst. Softw. 86(5), 1294–1306 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Håkansson, H., Ford, D., Gadde, L.E., Snehota, I., Waluszewski, A.: Business in Networks. Wiley, Chichester (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Moore, J.F.: The Death of Competition: Leadership and Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems. Harper Business, New York (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Iansiti, M., Levien, R.: Strategy as ecology. Harvard Bus. Rev. 82(3), 68–78 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Iansiti, M., Levien, R.: The Keystone Advantage: What the New Dynamics of Business Ecosystems Mean for Strategy, Innovation, and Sustainability. Harvard Business School Press, Boston (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bosch, J.: From software product lines to software ecosystems. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Software Product Line Conference, SPLC 2009, pp. 111–119. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jansen, S., Finkelstein, A., Brinkkemper, S.: A sense of community: A research agenda for software ecosystems. In: 31st International Conference on Software Engineering – Companion Volume, ICSE-Companion 2009, pp. 187–190. IEEE, May 2009

    Google Scholar 

  17. Basole, R.C., Karla, J.: On the evolution of mobile platform ecosystem structure and strategy. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 3, 313–322 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hyrynsalmi, S., Suominen, A., Mäkilä, T., Knuutila, T.: The emerging mobile ecosystems: an introductory analysis of Android Market. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Management of Technology, IAMOT 2012, pp. 1–16. International Association for Management of Technology, Hsinchu, March 2012

    Google Scholar 

  19. Adner, R.: Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem. Harvard Bus. Rev. 84(4), 98–107 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rohrbeck, R., Hözle, K., Gemünden, H.G.: Opening up for competitive advantage – how Deutsche Telekom creates an open innovation ecosystem. R&D Manage. 39(4), 420–430 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Adner, R., Kapoor, R.: Innovation ecosystems and the pace of substitution: re-examining technology s-curves. Forthcoming, December 2011

    Google Scholar 

  22. Briscoe, G., De Wilde, P.: Digital ecosystems: evolving service-orientated architectures. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Bio Inspired Models of Network, Information and Computing Systems, BIONETICS 2006, pp. 1–6. ACM, New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dini, P., Lombardo, G., Mansell, R., Razavi, A.R., Moschoyiannis, S., Krause, P., Nicolai, A., León, L.R.: Beyond interoperability to digital ecosystems: regional innovation and socio-economic development led by SMEs. Int. J. Technol. Learn. Innov. Dev. 1(3), 410–426 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Stanley, J., Briscoe, G.: The ABC of digital business ecosystems. Commun. Law – J. Comput. Media Telecommun. Law 15(1), 12–25 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hyrynsalmi, S.:Letters from the war of ecosystems — an analysis of independentsoftware vendors in mobile application marketplaces. Doctoral dissertation, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, TUCS Dissertations No 188, December 2014

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gueguen, G., Isckia, T.: The borders of mobile handset ecosystems: is coopetition inevitable? Telematics Inform. 28(1), 5–11 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Larrucea, X., Nanclares, F., Santamaria, I.: A method for defining a regional software ecosystem strategy: colombia as a case study. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 104, 247–258 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ben Hadj Salem Mhamdia, A.: Performance measurement practices in software ecosystem. Int. J. Prod. Perform. Manage. 62(5), 514–533 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. den Hartigh, E., Visscher, W., Tol, M., Salas, A.J.: Measuring the health of a business ecosystem. In: Jansen, S., Brinkkemper, S., Cusumano, M.A. (eds.) Software Ecosystems: Analyzing and Managing Business Networks in the Software Industry, pp. 221–246. Edward Elgar Publisher Inc., Northampton (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  30. Hyrynsalmi, S., Suominen, A., Mäntymäki, M.: The influence of developer multi-homing on competition between software ecosystems. J. Syst. Softw. 111, 119–127 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Barbosa, O., dos Santos, R.P., Alves, C., Werner, C., Jansen, S.: A systematic mapping study on software ecosystems from a three-dimensional perspective. In: Jansen, S., Brinkkemper, S., Cusumano, M.A. (eds.) Software Ecosystems: Analyzing and Managing Business Networks in the Software Industry, pp. 59–81. Edward Elgar Publisher Inc., Northampton (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Hyrynsalmi, S., Seppänen, M., Nokkala, T., Suominen, A., Järvi, A.: Wealthy, healthy and/or happy — what does ‘ecosystem health’ stand for? In: Fernandes, J.M., Machado, R.J., Wnuk, K. (eds.) Software Business. LNBIP, vol. 210, pp. 272–287. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Hanssen, G.K., Dybå, T.: Theoretical foundations of software ecosystems. In: Jansen, S., Bosch, J., Alves, C.F. (eds.) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Software Ecosystems, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 879, pp. 2–13. MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, June 2012. CEUR-WS

  34. Archambault, É., Campbell, D., Gingras, Y., Larivière, V.: Comparing bibliometric statistics obtained from the web of science and scopus. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 60(7), 1320–1326 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Zeleny, M., Cornet, R., Stoner, J.: Applying the new set of lenses - implications for managers of managing in the business ecosystem. In: Hennessy, J.E., Robins, S. (eds.) Managing toward the millennium. Fordham Univ Press (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Teece, D.J.: Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strateg. Manage. J. 28(13), 1319–1350 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Kessler, M.: An experimental study of bibliographic coupling between technical papers (corresp.). IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 9(1), 49–51 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Peters, H.P., Braam, R.R., van Raan, A.F.: Cognitive resemblance and citation relations in chemical engineering publications. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 46(1), 9 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Small, H.: Co-citation in the scientific literature: a new measure of the relationship between two documents. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 24(4), 265–269 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Garfield, E.: From bibliographic coupling to co-citationanalysis via algorithmic historio-bibliography: a citationist’s tribute to belverc. griffith. Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  41. van Eck, N., Waltman, L.: Software survey: vosviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics 84(2), 523–538 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Blondel, V.D., Guillaume, J.L., Lambiotte, R., Lefebvre, E.: Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp. 2008(10), P10008 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Kleinberg, J.M.: Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment. J. ACM (JACM) 46(5), 604–632 (1999)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  44. Gawer, A., Cusumano, M.A.: Industry platforms and ecosystem innovation. J. Prod. Innov. Manage. 31(3), 417–433 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Brusoni, S., Prencipe, A.: The organization of innovation in ecosystems: problem framing, problem solving, and patterns of coupling. Adv. Strat. Manage. 30(2013), 167–194 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Adner, R., Kapoor, R.: Value creation in innovation ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations. Strat. Manage. J. 31(3), 306–333 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Nikayin, F., De Reuver, M., Itälä, T.: Collective action for a common service platform for independent living services. Int. J. Med. Inform. 82(10), 922–939 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Shang, T., Shi, Y.: The dynamics of business ecosystems in the context of industrial emergence. In: GMC 2013: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Global Manufacturing and China, pp. 168–172 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Gueguen, G., Isckia, T.: The borders of mobile handset ecosystems: is coopetition inevitable? In: Hesselman, C., Giannelli, C. (eds.) Mobile Wireless Middleware, Operating Systems, and Applications-Workshops, vol. 12, pp. 45–54. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  50. Crooymans, W., Pradhan, P., Jansen, S.: Exploring network modelling and strategy in the dutch software business ecosystem. In: Fernandes, J.M., Machado, R.J., Wnuk, K. (eds.) Software Business. LNBIP, vol. 210, pp. 45–59. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  51. Liu, G., Rong, K.: The nature of the co-evolutionary process complex product development in the mobile computing industrys business ecosystem. Group Organ. Manage. 40(6), 809–842 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Kang, C., Hong, Y.S., Kim, K.J., Park, K.T., et al.: Representation and analysis of business ecosystems co-specializing products and services. In: DS 68–4: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 2011), Impacting Society through Engineering Design, vol. 4. Product and Systems Design, Lyngby/Copenhagen, 15–19 August 2011

    Google Scholar 

  53. Pierce, L.: Big losses in ecosystem niches: How core firm decisions drive complementary product shakeouts. Strat. Manage. J. 30(3), 323–347 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Tanev, S.: Toward a methodology for studying the application of open source innovation practices in non-software domains. In: Saratov Fall Meeting 2006: Optical Technologies in Biophysics and Medicine VIII, p. 65350T. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Fragidis, G., Tarabanis, K., Koumpis, A.: Conceptual and business models for customer-centric business ecosystems. In: Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference, DEST 2007. Inaugural IEEE-IES, pp. 94–99. IEEE (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Fan, B.: Competitive strategy: a business eco-system perspective. In: ISMOT 2004: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology: Managing Total Innovation in the 21st Century, pp. 281–284 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Popp, K.M., Meyer, R.: Profit from Software Ecosystems: Business Models, Ecosystems and Partnerships in the Software Industry. Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Kabbedijk, J., Jansen, S.: Steering insight: an exploration of the ruby software ecosystem. In: Regnell, B., van de Weerd, I., De Troyer, O. (eds.) ICSOB 2011. LNBIP, vol. 80, pp. 44–55. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  59. Arndt, J.M., Dibbern, J.: Co-innovation in a service oriented strategic network. In: IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC2006, pp. 285–288. IEEE (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Zhang, J., Huo, Y., Liang, X.J.: Business ecosystem strategies of mobile network operators in the 3G era: the case of china mobile. China Commun. 5(3), 114–118 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Scarlat, E.: From virtual enterprises to digital business ecosystems: a survey on the modeling and simulation methods. Econ. Comput. Econ. Cybern. Stud. Res. 41(1–2), 17–29 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Scacchi, W., Alspaugh, T.A.: Understanding the role of licenses and evolution in open architecture software ecosystems. J. Syst. Softw. 85(7), 1479–1494 (2012). Software Ecosystems special issue

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Runeson, P., Host, M., Rainer, A., Regnell, B.: Case Study Research in Software Engineering: Guidelines and Examples. Wiley, Hoboken (2012)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  64. Messerschmitt, D.G., Szyperski, C.: Software Ecosystem: Understanding an Indispensable Technology and Industry. The MIT Press, Cambridge (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Gawer, A., Henderson, R.: Platform owner entry and innovation in complementary markets: evidence from intel. J. Econ. Manage. Strat. 16(1), 1–34 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Zhu, F., Iansiti, M.: Entry into platform-based markets. Strat. Manage. J. 33(1), 88–106 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Boucharas, V., Jansen, S., Brinkkemper, S.: Formalizing software ecosystem modeling. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Open ComponentEcosystems, IWOCE 2009, pp. 41–50. ACM, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Anvaari, M., Jansen, S.: Evaluating architectural openness in mobile software platforms. In: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume, ECSA 2010, pp. 85–92. ACM, New York (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Viljainen, M., Kauppinen, M.: Software ecosystems: a set of management practices for platform integrators in the telecom industry. In: Regnell, B., van de Weerd, I., De Troyer, O. (eds.) ICSOB 2011. LNBIP, vol. 80, pp. 32–43. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arho Suominen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Suominen, A., Hyrynsalmi, S., Seppänen, M. (2016). Ecosystems Here, There, and Everywhere. In: Maglyas, A., Lamprecht, AL. (eds) Software Business. ICSOB 2016. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 240. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40515-5_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics