Skip to main content

Leveraging Semantic Web Technologies for Consistency Management in Multi-viewpoint Systems Engineering

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Systems modeling is an important ingredient for engineering complex systems in potentially heterogeneous environments. One way to deal with the increasing complexity of systems is to offer several dedicated viewpoints on the system model for different stakeholders, thus providing means for system engineers to focus on particular aspects of the environment. This allows them to solve engineering tasks more efficiently, although keeping those multiple viewpoints consistent with each other (e.g., in dynamic multiuser scenarios) is not trivial. In the present chapter, we elaborate how Semantic Web technologies (SWT) may be utilized to deal with such challenges when models are represented as RDF graphs. In particular, we discuss current developments regarding a W3C Recommendation for describing structural constraints over RDF graphs called Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) which we subsequently exploit for defining intermodel constraints to ensure consistency between different viewpoints represented as RDF graphs. Based on a running example, we illustrate how SHACL is used to define correspondences (i.e., mappings) between different RDF graphs and subsequently how those correspondences can be validated during modeling time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • AutomationML Consortium: AutomationML Whitepaper Part 1—Architecture and general requirements (2014). http://www.automationml.org

  • Baader, F., Calvanese, D., McGuinness, D., Nardi, D., Patel-Schneider, P.: The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation and Applications. Cambridge University Press (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barth, M., Drath, R., Fay, A., Zimmer, F., Eckert, K.: Evaluation of the openness of automation tools for interoperability in engineering tool chains. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Emerging Technologies Factory Automation (ETFA) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bézivin, J., Paige, R.F., Aßmann, U., Rumpe, B., Schmidt, D.C.: Manifesto—model engineering for complex systems (2014). CoRR abs/1409.6591

    Google Scholar 

  • Biffl, S., Schatten, A., Zoitl, A.: Integration of heterogeneous engineering environments for the automation systems lifecycle. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bill, R., Steyskal, S., Wimmer, M., Kappel, G.: On synergies between model transformations and semantic web technologies. In: Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Multi-Paradigm Modeling co-located with the 17th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MPMMODELS 2014, pp. 31–40. Valencia, Spain, 30 Sept 2014. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1237/paper4.pdf

  • Brambilla, M., Cabot, J., Wimmer, M.: Model-Driven Software Engineering in Practice. Morgan & Claypool (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Breslin, J.G., O’Sullivan, D., Passant, A., Vasiliu, L.: Semantic web computing in industry. Comput. Ind. 61(8), 729–741 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cicchetti, A., Ruscio, D.D.: Decoupling web application concerns through weaving operations. Sci. Comput. Progr. 70(1), 62–86 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Diskin, Z., Xiong, Y., Czarnecki, K.: Specifying overlaps of heterogeneous models for global consistency checking. In: MoDELS Workshops. LNCS, vol. 6627, pp. 165–179. Springer (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Diskin, Z., Xiong, Y., Czarnecki, K.: From state- to delta-based bidirectional model transformations: the asymmetric case. J. Object Technol. 10(6), 1–25 (2011a). doi:10.5381/jot.2011.10.1.a6

    Google Scholar 

  • Diskin, Z., Xiong, Y., Czarnecki, K., Ehrig, H., Hermann, F., Orejas, F.: From state- to delta-based bidirectional model transformations: The symmetric case. In: Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, 14th International Conference, MODELS 2011, Proceedings, pp. 304–318. Wellington, New Zealand, 16–21 Oct 2011 (2011b). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24485-8_22

    Google Scholar 

  • Diskin, Z., Gholizadeh, H., Wider, A., Czarnecki, K.: A three-dimensional taxonomy for bidirectional model synchronization. J. Syst. Softw. 111, 298–322 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Djuric, D., Gasevic, D., Devedzic, V., Damjanovic, V.: A UML Profile for OWL Ontologies. In: Proceedings of MDAFA. LNCS, vol. 3599, pp. 204–219. Springer (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Drath, R., Lüder, A., Peschke, J., Hundt, L.: AutomationML—the glue for seamless automation engineering. In: Proceedings of on the Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eramo, R., Pierantonio, A., Romero, J.R., Vallecillo, A.: Change management in multi-viewpoint system using ASP. In: Workshops Proceedings of the International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOCW), pp. 433–440. IEEE (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eramo, R., Malavolta, I., Muccini, H., Pelliccione, P., Pierantonio, A.: A model-driven approach to automate the propagation of changes among architecture description languages. Softw. Syst. Model. 11(1), 29–53 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldmann, S., Kernschmidt, K., Vogel-Heuser, B.: Combining a SysML-based modeling approach and semantic technologies for analyzing change influences in manufacturing plant models. In: Proceedings of 47th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems (CMS) (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldmann, S., Herzig, S.J.I., Kernschmidt, K., Wolfenstetter, T., Kammerl, D., Qamar, A., Lindemann, U., Krcmar, H., Paredis, C.J.J., Vogel-Heuser, B.: A comparison of inconsistency management approaches using a mechatronic manufacturing system design case study. In: Proceedings of CASE, pp. 158–165. IEEE (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkelstein, A., Gabbay, D.M., Hunter, A., Kramer, J., Nuseibeh, B.: Inconsistency handling in multi-perspective specifications. In: Proceedings of ESEC. LNCS, vol. 717, pp. 84–99. Springer (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, J.N., Pilkiewicz, A., Pierce, B.C.: Quotient lenses. In: Proceedings of ICFP, pp 383–396. ACM (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasevic, D., Djuric, D., Devedzic, V.: Model Driven Engineering and Ontology Development, 2nd edn. Springer (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Giese, H., Wagner, R.: From model transformation to incremental bidirectional model synchronization. Softw. Syst. Model. 8(1), 21–43 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grundy, J.C., Hosking, J.G., Mugridge, W.B.: Inconsistency management for multiple-view software development environments. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 24(11), 960–981 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grünwald, A., Winkler, D., Sabou, M., Biffl, S.: The semantic model editor: efficient data modeling and integration based on OWL ontologies. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Semantic Systems (SEMANTICS), pp. 116–123 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitzler, P., Krötzsch, M., Parsia, B., Patel-Schneider, P.F., Rudolph, S.: OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Primer. W3C Recommendation (2009a). http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/

  • Hitzler, P., Sebastian, R., Krtzsch, M.: Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies. Chapman & Hall/CRC, London (2009b). http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/142009050X

  • Hofmann, M., Pierce, B.C., Wagner, D.: Symmetric lenses. In: Proceedings of POPL, pp. 371–384. ACM (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • IEEE Architecture Working Group: IEEE Std 1471–2000. Recommended practice for architectural description of software-intensive systems. Technical Report, IEEE (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO/IEC: Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP). iSO/IEC 10746-1 to 10746-4, ITU-T Recs. X.901 to X.904 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivkovic, I., Kontogiannis, K.: Tracing evolution changes of software artifacts through model synchronization. In: Proceedings of ICSM, pp 252–261. IEEE (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johann, S., Egyed, A.: Instant and incremental transformation of models. In: Proceedings of ASE, pp. 362–365. IEEE (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappel, G., Kapsammer, E., Kargl, H., Kramler, G., Reiter, T., Retschitzegger, W., Schwinger, W., Wimmer, M.: Lifting metamodels to ontologies: a step to the semantic integration of modeling languages. In: Proceedings of MODELS, LNCS, vol. 4199, pp. 528–542. Springer (2006a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappel, G., Kargl, H., Wimmer, M., Kapsammer, E., Kramler, G., Reiter, T., Retschitzegger, W., Schwinger, W.: On models and ontologies—a semantic infrastructure supporting model integration. In: Modellierung, GI, pp. 11–27 (2006b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappel, G., Kargl, H., Kramler, G., Schauerhuber, A., Seidl, M., Strommer, M., Wimmer, M.: Matching metamodels with semantic systems—an experience report. In: Proceedings of BTW Workshops, pp. 38–52 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Knorr, M., Alferes, J.J., Hitzler, P.: Local closed world reasoning with description logics under the well-founded semantics. Artif. Intell. 175(9–10), 1528–1554 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Knublauch, H.: SPIN—SPARQL Inferencing Notation (2009). http://spinrdf.org/, http://spinrdf.org/, visited 10-10-2015

  • Knublauch, H., Ryman, A.: Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL). W3C First Public Working Draft (2015). http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shacl-20151008/

  • Kontokostas, D., Westphal, P., Auer, S., Hellmann, S., Lehmann, J., Cornelissen, R., Zaveri, A.: Test-driven evaluation of linked data quality. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International World Wide Web Conference (WWW), pp. 747–758 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovalenko, O., Serral, E., Sabou, M., Ekaputra, F.J., Winkler, D., Biffl, S.: Automating cross-disciplinary defect detection in multi-disciplinary engineering environments. In: Proceedings of EKAW, LNCS, vol. 8876, pp. 238–249. Springer (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Milanovic, M., Gasevic, D., Giurca, A., Wagner, G., Devedzic, V.: Towards Sharing Rules Between OWL/SWRL and UML/OCL. ECEASST 5 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moreno, N., Romero, J.R., Vallecillo, A.: An overview of model-driven web engineering and the MDA. In: Web Engineering: Modelling and Implementing Web Applications, pp. 353–382. Springer (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • OMG: Unified Modeling Language (UML). Version 2.4.1 (2011). http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.4.1

  • OMG: Systems Modeling Language (SysML). Version 1.3 (2012). http://www.omg.org/spec/SysML/1.3

  • Orejas, F., Boronat, A., Ehrig, H., Hermann, F., Schölzel, H.: On propagation-based concurrent model synchronization. ECEASST 57 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Parreiras, F.S., Staab, S.: Using ontologies with UML class-based modeling: the TwoUse approach. Data Knowl. Eng. 69(11), 1194–1207 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parreiras, F.S., Staab, S., Winter, A.: On marrying ontological and metamodeling technical spaces. In: Proceedings of FSE, pp. 439–448 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Parreiras, F.S., Staab, S., Schenk, S., Winter, A.: Model driven specification of ontology translations. In: Proceedings of ER, LNCS, vol. 5231, pp. 484–497. Springer (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prud’hommeaux, E., Gayo, J.E.L., Solbrig, H.R.: Shape expressions: an RDF validation and transformation language. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Semantic Systems (SEMANTICS), pp. 32–40 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rieckhof, F., Seifert, M., Aszmann, U.: Ontology-based model synchronisation. In: Proceedings of TWOMDE Workshop (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Gonzalez, D., Koch, N., Kroiss, C., Romero, J.R., Vallecillo, A.: Viewpoint synchronization of UWE models. In: Proceedings of MDWE Workshop (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryman, A.G., Hors, A.L., Speicher, S.: OSLC Resource Shape: A language for defining constraints on Linked Data. In: Proceedings of LDOW, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 996 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenner, G., Bischof, S., Polleres, A., Steyskal, S.: Integrating distributed configurations with RDFS and SPARQL. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Configuration Workshop, pp. 9–15 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schürr, A., Klar, F.: 15 years of triple graph grammars. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Graph Transformations (ICGT), pp. 411–425 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shearer, R., Motik, B., Horrocks, I.: Hermit: A highly-efficient OWL reasoner. In: Proceedings of the OWLED Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirin, E., Parsia, B.: Pellet: an OWL DL reasoner. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Description Logics (DL) (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Song, H., Gang, H., Chauvel, F., Wei, Z., Sun, Y., Shao, W., Mei, H.: Instant and incremental QVT transformation for runtime models. In: Proceedings of MoDELS, LNCS, vol. 6981, pp. 273–288. Springer (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • VDI: Statusreport Referenzarchitekturmodell Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) (2014). http://www.vdi.de/industrie40

  • Wache, H, Voegele, T., Visser, U., Stuckenschmidt, H., Schuster, G., Neumann, H., Hübner, S.: Ontology-based integration of information—a survey of existing approaches. In: Proceedings of IJCAI Workshop: Ontologies and Information, pp. 108–117 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagelaar, D.: Towards using OWL DL as a metamodelling framework for ATL. In: Proceedings of MtATL Workshop, pp. 79–85 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, T., Parreiras, F.S., Gröner, G., Wende, C.: OWLizing: transforming software models to ontologies. In: Proceedings of ODiSE, pp. 7:1–7:6 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wimmer, M., Kappel, G., Kusel, A., Retschitzegger, W., Schoenboeck, J., Schwinger, W.: From the heterogeneity jungle to systematic benchmarking. In: Proceedings of Workshops and Symposia at MODELS, pp. 150–164 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiong, Y., Liu, D., Hu, Z., Zhao, H., Takeichi, M., Mei, H.: Towards automatic model synchronization from model transformations. In: Proceedings of ASE, pp. 164–173. ACM (2007)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work has been partially funded by the Vienna Business Agency (Austria) within the COSIMO project (grant number 967327), the Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, and the BMWFW, Austria.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simon Steyskal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Steyskal, S., Wimmer, M. (2016). Leveraging Semantic Web Technologies for Consistency Management in Multi-viewpoint Systems Engineering. In: Biffl, S., Sabou, M. (eds) Semantic Web Technologies for Intelligent Engineering Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41490-4_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41490-4_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41488-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41490-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics