Location Planning of Charging Stations for Electric City Buses

Abstract

Fuel prices on the rise and ambitious goals in environment protection make it increasingly necessary to change for modern and sustainable powertrain technologies. This trend also affects the transportation sector, and electric buses with stationary charging technology grow in popularity. Their launch however is still costly, and an optimal choice of the charging stations locations is crucial. In our paper we present a mixed integer model that determines an optimal solution concerning the investment costs for a single bus line. It is mainly constrained by an energy balance. Hence, energy consumption on the driven paths and of auxiliary consumers have to be considered as well as holding times at bus stops and thus the potentially recharged amount of electric energy. Additionally, we take account of service life preservation of the batteries as well as beneficial existing infrastructure and constructional restrictions. We give an overview of our results obtained from real world data of the bus network of Mannheim. In our tests we consider different scenarios regarding passenger volume, traffic density and further factors.