Skip to main content

Skill Development and Stabilisation of Expertise for Electronic Music Performance

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Music, Mind, and Embodiment (CMMR 2015)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 9617))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Skill development, the stabilisation of expertise through practise, and processes of bodily as well as neural sharing in the context of gesture-based electronic music performance are the topic of this article. The key questions centre around the affective, embodied but also neurological aspects of these processes. The types of awareness on a corporeal level and the neural processes that occur within the musician and the listener-viewer are investigated, since in music performance the perceptions of musician and audience depend on shared embodiment and cognitive processes. The aim is to show that ‘enactive’, embodied concepts merely provide a different perspective of the same complex matter than what the cognitive neurosciences propose. A concrete musical piece is used as an example that shows a gestural practice using sensor-based instruments and digital sound processing in order to expose the critical relationships between musician, instrument, technology and the audience. The insights arising from blending the two complementary perspectives in this context can be productive both for artistic practice as well as systematic research in music.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    “This is how I have defined it. It is quite simple. To music is to take part, in any capacity, in a musical performance. That means not only to perform but also to listen, to provide material for performance (what we call composing), to prepare for a performance (what we call practising or rehearsing), or to take part in any activity that can affect the nature of that style of human encounter which is a musical performance.” [54, p. 12, original italics].

  2. 2.

    The obvious exception could be the singers, of course. But even here, the ‘voice’ and its techniques are considered as instruments in a more independent manner [34], than dancers consider the body.

  3. 3.

    Videos can be found online (URL accessed 05/2015):

    http://steim.org/2009/10/remembering-mw/.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1L-mVGqug4.

  4. 4.

    For a collection of videos documenting the evolution of this piece please see: http://www.jasch.ch/island.html (URL accessed 01/2016).

References

  1. Bermúdez, J.L.: The Paradox of Self-Consciousness. The MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Berrol, C.F.: Neuroscience meets dance/movement therapy: mirror neurons, the therapeutic process and empathy. Arts Psychother. 33(4), 302–315 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Berthoz, A.: Le Sens du Mouvement. Odile Jacob, Paris (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bezzola, L., Mérillat, S., Jäncke, L.: The effect of leisure activity golf practice on motor imagery: an fMRI study in middle adulthood. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 6, 1–9 (2012). Article 67

    Google Scholar 

  5. Blakemore, S.J., Decety, J.: From the perception of action to the understanding of intention. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2(8), 561–567 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35086023

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cattell, R.B.: Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: a critical experiment. J. Educ. Psychol. 54(1), 1–22 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Csikszentmihalyi, M.: Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper and Row, New York (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Debarnot, U., Sperduti, M., Di Rienzo, F., Guillot, A.: Experts bodies, experts minds: how physical and mental training shape the brain. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 8, 1–17 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Decety, J., Chaminade, T.: When the self represents the other: a new cognitive neuroscience view on psychological identification. Conscious. Cogn. 12(4), 577–596 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Enticott, P.G., Kennedy, H.A., Bradshaw, J.L., Rinehart, N.J., Fitzgerald, P.B.: Understanding mirror neurons: evidence for enhanced corticospinal excitability during the observation of transitive but not intransitive hand gestures. Neuropsychologia 48(9), 2675–2680 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fitch, W.T.: The Evolution of Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gallagher, H.L., Frith, C.D.: Functional imaging of ‘Theory of Mind’. Trends Cogn. Sci. 7(2), 77–83 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gallagher, H.L., Frith, C.D.: Dissociable neural pathways for the perception and recognition of expressive and instrumental gestures. Neuropsychologia 42(13), 1725–1736 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gallagher, H.L., Jack, A.I., Roepstorff, A., Frith, C.D.: Imaging the intentional stance in a competitive game. NeuroImage 16(3), 814–821 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gallagher, S.: Bodily self-awareness and object perception. Theoria et Historia Scientiarum VII(1), 53–68 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gallagher, S.: How the Body Shapes the Mind. Clarendon Press, Oxford (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gallagher, S., MarcelMarcel, A.J.: The self in contextualized action. J. Conscious. Stud. 6(4), 4–30 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Gibson, J.J.: The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Godøy, R.I.: Gestural-Sonorous objects: embodied extensions of Schaeffer’s conceptual apparatus. Org. Sound 11(2), 149–157 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Held, K.: Husserl’s phenomenology of the life-world. In: Welton, D. (ed.) The New Husserl: A Critical Reader. Indiana University Press, Bloomington (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Howard, I.S., Wolpert, D.M., Franklin, D.W.: The value of the follow-through derives from motor learning depending on future actions. Curr. Biol. 25(3), 397–401 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Iyer, V.: Improvisation, temporality and embodied experience. J. Conscious. Stud. 11(3–4), 159–173 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jäncke, L.: Music making and the aging brain. Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 24(2), 113–121 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264X/a000095

    Google Scholar 

  24. Johnson, M.: The Meaning of the Body, Aesthetics of Human Understanding. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kensinger, E.A.: Remembering emotional experiences: the contribution of valence and arousal. Rev. Neurosci. 15(4), 241–252 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kim, J.H.: Embodiment musikalischer Praxis und Medialität des Musikinstrumentes - unter besonderer Berücksichtigung digitaler interaktiver Musikperformances. In: Harenberg, M., Weissberg, D. (eds.) Klang (ohne) Körper, Spuren und Potenziale des Körpers in der elektronischen Musik, pp. 105–118. Transcript, Bielefeld (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lakoff, G., Johnson, M.: Metaphors We Live By. University Of Chicago Press, Chicago (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Legrand, D.: Pre-reflective self-consciousness: on being bodily in the world. Janus Head 9(2), 493–519 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Leman, M., Camurri, A.: Understanding musical expressiveness using interactive multimedia platforms. Musicae Sci. 10(1 suppl), 209–233 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Lotze, M., Heymans, U., Birbaumer, N., Veit, R., Erb, M., Flor, H., Halsband, U.: Differential cerebral activation during observation of expressive gestures and motor acts. Neuropsychologia 44(10), 1787–1795 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Luria, A.R.: The Working Brain. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Marcel, A.: The Sense of Agency: Awareness and Ownership of Action. In: Roessler, J., Eilan, N. (eds.) Agency and Self-Awareness, pp. 48–93. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Merleau-Ponty, M.: Phenomenology of Perception. Gallimard, Paris (1945). 2007, paperback edn

    Google Scholar 

  34. Michel-Dansac, D.: In a Personal communication, March 2014

    Google Scholar 

  35. Montgomery, K.J., Isenberg, N., Haxby, J.V.: Communicative hand gestures and object-directed hand movements activated the mirror neuron system. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 2(2), 114–122 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Montgomery, K.J., Haxby, J.V.: Mirror neuron system differentially activated by facial expressions and social hand gestures: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 20(10), 1866–1877 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20127

    Google Scholar 

  37. Ophir, E., Nass, C., Wagner, A.D.: Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106(37), 15583–15587 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Paine, G.: Towards unified design guidelines for new interfaces for musical expression. Organised Sound 14(2), 142–155 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Pascual-Leone, A., Amedi, A., Fregni, F., Merabet, L.B.: The plastic human brain cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 28(1), 377–401 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144216

    Google Scholar 

  40. Poeppel, D.: The analysis of speech in different temporal integration windows: cerebral lateralization as ‘asymmetric sampling in time’. Nat. Speech Percept. 41(1), 245–255 (2003). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167639302001073

    Google Scholar 

  41. Proust, J.: Perceiving intentions. In: Roessler, J., Eilan, N. (eds.) Agency and Self-awareness: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology, pp. 296–320. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Rancière, J.: The emancipated spectator. Art Forum XLV(7), March 2007

    Google Scholar 

  43. Rizzolatti, G., Arbib, M.A.: Language within our grasp. Trends Neurosci. 21(5), 188–194 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V.: Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2(9), 661–670 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35090060

    Google Scholar 

  45. Russell, J.A.: A circumplex model of affect. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 39(6), 1161–1178 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Salat, D.H., Buckner, R.L., Snyder, A.Z., Greve, D.N., Desikan, S.R., Busa, E., Morris, J.C., Dale, A.M., Fischl, B.: Thinning of the cerebral cortex in aging. Cereb. Cortex 14(7), 721–730 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sawyer, K.: The cognitive neuroscience of creativity: a critical review. Creat. Res. J. 23(2), 137–154 (2011)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  48. Schacher, J.C.: The quarterstaff, a gestural sensor instrument. In: Proceedings of the Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2013), Daejeon & Seoul, Korea Republic (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Schacher, J.C., Järveläinen, H., Strinning, C., Neff, P.: Movement perception in music performance - a mixed methods investigation. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Sound and Music Computing, SMC 2015, Maynooth, Ireland (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Schacher, J.C., Kocher, P., Bisig, D.: The map and the flock - emergence in mapping with swarm algorithms. Comput. Music J. 38(3), 49–63 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Schlaug, G., Jäncke, L., Huang, Y., Staiger, J.F., Steinmetz, H.: Increased corpus callosum size in musicians. Neuropsychol. Dev. Stud. Corpus Callosum 33(8), 1047–1055 (1995). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0028393295000455

    Google Scholar 

  52. Serrien, D.J., Ivry, R.B., Swinnen, S.P.: Dynamics of hemispheric specialization and integration in the context of motor control. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7(2), 160–166 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn1849

    Google Scholar 

  53. Sheets-Johnstone, M.: Kinesthetic memory. In: Sheets-Johnstone, M. (ed.) The Corporeal Turn: An Interdisciplinary Reader, pp. 253–277. Imprint Academic, London (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Small, C.: Musicking – the meanings of performing and listening. A lecture. Music Educ. Res. 1(1), 9–22 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Varela, F.J., Thompson, E.T., Rosch, E.: The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Wan, C.Y., Schlaug, G.: Music making as a tool for promoting brain plasticity across the life span. Neurosci. 16(5), 566–577 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Zatorre, R.J., Chen, J.L., Penhune, V.B.: When the brain plays music: auditory-motor interactions in music perception and production. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8(7), 547–558 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This investigation originates from the ‘Motion Gesture Music’ project at the Institute for Computer Music and Sound Technology of the Zurich University of the Arts, and is funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation Grant No. 100016_149345.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan C. Schacher .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Schacher, J.C., Neff, P. (2016). Skill Development and Stabilisation of Expertise for Electronic Music Performance. In: Kronland-Martinet, R., Aramaki, M., Ystad, S. (eds) Music, Mind, and Embodiment. CMMR 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9617. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-46281-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-46282-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics