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Towards Precision Control in Constrained Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems

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Abstract

This paper introduces the problem of high precision control in constrained wireless cyber-physical systems. We argue that balancing conflicting performance objectives, namely energy efficiency, high reliability and low latency, whilst concurrently enabling data collection and targeted message dissemination, are critical to the success of future applications of constrained wireless cyber-physical systems. We describe the contemporary art in practical collection and dissemination techniques, and select the most appropriate for evaluation. A comprehensive simulation study is presented and experimentally validated, the results of which show that the current art falls significantly short of desirable performance when inter-packet intervals decrease to those required for precision control. It follows that there is a significant need for further study and new solutions to solve this emerging problem.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The terms are hereinafter used interchangeably, and may apply to sending an actuation command or a reconfiguration command.

  2. 2.

    Downward routing is a term also used to describe the traffic pattern for such messages, particularly in the standards community, e.g. [21].

  3. 3.

    http://www.fr.ch/poya/fr/pub/index.cfm.

  4. 4.

    http://www.solexperts.com.

  5. 5.

    http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/msp430f5419a.pdf.

  6. 6.

    http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc2520.pdf.

  7. 7.

    http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-2.x/tos/lib/net/lqi/.

  8. 8.

    http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-2.1.0/doc/html/tep118.html.

  9. 9.

    The amended IEEE802.15.4e (TSCH) is insufficiently mature for consideration.

  10. 10.

    We use the latest stable Contiki release, Contiki 2.7, available: http://www.contiki-os.org/download.html.

  11. 11.

    The literature suggests typical \(IPI_C\) values \(\simeq 15\) s. We include this interval, in addition to approaching saturation and selecting numerous divergent values. The same is done for \(IPI_D\), where typical values for this frequency are relatively unknown.

  12. 12.

    The average number of hops across all experiments is \(\simeq 4.3\).

  13. 13.

    We consider asynchronous MACs to be those without global or centrally coordinated time synchronisation.

  14. 14.

    We disregard the total ON time. For all \(IPI_D < 20\) s, ON is in the region 60–80%. We recalculate this as the sum of RX and TX active times, as they are reflective of the higher energy modes of the RFIC when listening and transmitting, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

    David Boyle, Roman Kolcun & Eric Yeatman

Authors
  1. David Boyle
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  2. Roman Kolcun
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  3. Eric Yeatman
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Boyle .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. IBM Research , Haifa, Israel

    Benny Mandler

  2. CONNECT Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Johann Marquez-Barja

  3. GTA/PEE-COPPE/DEL-Poli, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Miguel Elias Mitre Campista

  4. Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Trnava, Slovakia

    Dagmar Cagáňová

  5. Institut Télécom SudParis , Evry, France

    Hakima Chaouchi

  6. College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

    Sherali Zeadally

  7. College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

    Mohamad Badra

  8. University of Pisa, Pisa, Holy See (Vatican City State)

    Stefano Giordano

  9. DICIEAMA Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Maria Fazio

  10. CREATE-NET , Trento, Italy

    Andrey Somov

  11. University of Trento , Trento, Italy

    Radu-Laurentiu Vieriu

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© 2016 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

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Boyle, D., Kolcun, R., Yeatman, E. (2016). Towards Precision Control in Constrained Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems. In: Mandler, B., et al. Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures. IoT360 2015. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 170. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47075-7_33

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47075-7_33

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47075-7

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