Skip to main content

\(\mathcal {I}\)-dlv: The New Intelligent Grounder of dlv

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
AI*IA 2016 Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI*IA 2016)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 10037))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

DLV is a powerful system for knowledge representation and reasoning which supports Answer Set Programming (ASP) – a logic-based programming paradigm for solving problems in a fully declarative way. DLV is widely used in academy, and, importantly, it has been fruitfully employed in many relevant industrial applications. As for the other main-stream ASP systems, in the first phase of the computation DLV eliminates the variables, generating a ground program which is semantically equivalent to the original one but significantly smaller than the Herbrand Instantiation, in general. This phase, called ‘grounding’, plays a key role for the successful deployment in real-world contexts. In this work we present \(\mathcal {I}\)-DLV, a brand new version of the intelligent grounder of DLV. While relying on the solid theoretical foundations of its predecessor, it has been completely redesigned and re-engineered, both in algorithms and data structures; it now features full support to ASP-Core2 standard language, increased flexibility and customizability, significantly improved performances, and an extensible design that eases the incorporation of language updates and optimization techniques. \(\mathcal {I}\)-DLV results in a stable and efficient ASP instantiator that turns out to be a full-fledged deductive database system. We describe the main features of \(\mathcal {I}\)-DLV and carry out experimental activities for assessing applicability and performances.

This work was partially supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research under PON project “Ba2Know (Business Analytics to Know) Service Innovation - LAB”, No. PON03PE_00001_1, and by the Italian Ministry of Economic Development under project “PIUCultura (Paradigmi Innovativi per l’Utilizzo della Cultura)” n. F/020016/01-02/X27. Francesco Calimeri has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 690974 for the project: “MIREL: MIning and REasoning with Legal texts”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Brewka, G., Eiter, T., Truszczynski, M.: Answer set programming at a glance. Commun. ACM 54(12), 92–103 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Eiter, T., Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Declarative problem-solving using the DLV system. In: Minker, J. (ed.) Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence. The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 597, pp. 79–103. Springer, New York (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Eiter, T., Ianni, G., Krennwallner, T.: Answer set programming: a primer. In: Tessaris, S., Franconi, E., Eiter, T., Gutierrez, C., Handschuh, S., Rousset, M.-C., Schmidt, R.A. (eds.) Reasoning Web 2009. LNCS, vol. 5689, pp. 40–110. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03754-2_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Gelfond, M., Lifschitz, V.: Classical negation in logic programs and disjunctive databases. New Gener. Comput. 9(3/4), 365–385 (1991)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Marek, V.W., Truszczyński, M.: Stable models and an alternative logic programming paradigm. In: Apt, K.R., Marek, V.W., Truszczyński, M., Warren, D.S. (eds.) The Logic Programming Paradigm - A 25-Year Perspective, pp. 375–398. Springer, New York (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Niemelä, I.: Logic programming with stable model semantics as constraint programming paradigm. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 25(3–4), 241–273 (1999)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Gelfond, M., Lifschitz, V.: The stable model semantics for logic programming. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference and Symposium Logic Programming, 15–19 August 1988, Seattle, WA, 2 Volumes, pp. 1070–1080. MIT Press, Cambridge (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Calimeri, F., Gebser, M., Maratea, M., Ricca, F.: Design and results of the fifth answer set programming competition. Artif. Intell. 231, 151–181 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Gebser, M., Maratea, M., Ricca, F.: What’s hot in the answer set programming competition. In: Schuurmans, D., Wellman, M.P. (eds.) Proceedings of the 13th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 12–17 February 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, pp. 4327–4329. AAAI Press (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Leone, N., Ricca, F.: Answer set programming: a tour from the basics to advanced development tools and industrial applications. In: Faber, W., Paschke, A. (eds.) Reasoning Web 2015. LNCS, vol. 9203, pp. 308–326. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21768-0_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Nogueira, M., Balduccini, M., Gelfond, M., Watson, R., Barry, M.: An a-prolog decision support system for the space shuttle. In: Ramakrishnan, I.V. (ed.) PADL 2001. LNCS, vol. 1990, pp. 169–183. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). doi:10.1007/3-540-45241-9_12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Ricca, F., Grasso, G., Alviano, M., Manna, M., Lio, V., Iiritano, S., Leone, N.: Team-building with answer set programming in the Gioia-Tauro seaport. Theory Pract. Logic Program. 12(3), 361–381 (2012). Cambridge University Press

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Tiihonen, J., Soininen, T., Niemelä, I., Sulonen, R.: A practical tool for mass-customising configurable products. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 2003), pp. 1290–1299 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dal Palù, A., Dovier, A., Pontelli, E., Rossi, G.: GASP: answer set programming with lazy grounding. Fundamenta Informaticae 96(3), 297–322 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Lefèvre, C., Nicolas, P.: A first order forward chaining approach for answer set computing. In: Erdem, E., Lin, F., Schaub, T. (eds.) LPNMR 2009. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5753, pp. 196–208. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04238-6_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Lefèvre, C., Nicolas, P.: The first version of a new ASP solver : In: Erdem, E., Lin, F., Schaub, T. (eds.) LPNMR 2009. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5753, pp. 522–527. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04238-6_52

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Leone, N., Pfeifer, G., Faber, W., Eiter, T., Gottlob, G., Perri, S., Scarcello, F.: The DLV system for knowledge representation and reasoning. ACM Trans. Comput. Logic (TOCL) 7(3), 499–562 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Gebser, M., Kaminski, R., Kaufmann, B., Romero, J., Schaub, T.: Progress in clasp series 3, pp. 368–383 [40]

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gebser, M., Kaminski, R., König, A., Schaub, T.: Advances in gringo Series 3. In: Delgrande, J.P., Faber, W. (eds.) LPNMR 2011. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6645, pp. 345–351. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20895-9_39

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Calimeri, F., Faber, W., Gebser, M., Ianni, G., Kaminski, R., Krennwallner, T., Leone, N., Ricca, F., Schaub, T.: ASP-Core-2: 4th ASP competition official input language format (2013). https://www.mat.unical.it/aspcomp2013/files/ASP-CORE-2.01c.pdf

  21. Dantsin, E., Eiter, T., Gottlob, G., Voronkov, A.: Complexity and expressive power of logic programming. ACM Comput. Surv. 33(3), 374–425 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Syrjänen, T.: Omega-restricted logic programs. In: Eiter, T., Faber, W., Truszczyński, M. (eds.) LPNMR 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2173, pp. 267–280. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). doi:10.1007/3-540-45402-0_20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Ullman, J.D.: Principles of Database and Knowledge-Base Systems, Volume I. Computer Science Press, New York (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Faber, W., Leone, N., Perri, S.: The intelligent grounder of DLV. In: Erdem, E., Lee, J., Lierler, Y., Pearce, D. (eds.) Correct Reasoning. LNCS, vol. 7265, pp. 247–264. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30743-0_17

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Alviano, M., Dodaro, C., Leone, N., Ricca, F.: Advances in WASP, pp. 40–54 [40]

    Google Scholar 

  26. Leone, N., Perri, S., Scarcello, F.: Improving ASP instantiators by join-ordering methods. In: Eiter, T., Faber, W., Truszczyński, M. (eds.) LPNMR 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2173, pp. 280–294. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). doi:10.1007/3-540-45402-0_21

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Perri, S., Scarcello, F., Catalano, G., Leone, N.: Enhancing DLV instantiator by backjumping techniques. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 51(2–4), 195–228 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Alviano, M., Faber, W., Greco, G., Leone, N.: Magic sets for disjunctive datalog programs. Artif. Intell. 187, 156–192 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Cumbo, C., Faber, W., Greco, G., Leone, N.: Enhancing the magic-set method for disjunctive datalog programs. In: Demoen, B., Lifschitz, V. (eds.) ICLP 2004. LNCS, vol. 3132, pp. 371–385. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27775-0_26

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  30. Calimeri, F., Perri, S., Fuscà, D., Zangari, J.: \({\cal{I}}\)-DLV homepage (2016). https://github.com/DeMaCS-UNICAL/I-DLV/wiki

  31. De Vos, M., Kisa, D.G., Oetsch, J., Pührer, J., Tompits, H.: Annotating answer-set programs in LANA. Theory Pract. Logic Program. 12(4–5), 619–637 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Kulas, M.: Debugging prolog using annotations. Electron. Notes Theoret. Comput. Sci. 30(4), 235–255 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Reeve, L., Han, H.: Survey of semantic annotation platforms. In: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC 2005, pp. 1634–1638. ACM New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Gebser, M., Maratea, M., Ricca, F.: The design of the sixth answer set programming competition, pp. 531–544 [40]

    Google Scholar 

  35. Liang, S., Fodor, P., Wan, H., Kifer, M.: OpenRuleBench: an analysis of the performance of rule engines. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2009, 20–24 April 2009, Madrid, Spain, pp. 601–610. ACM (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Swift, T., Warren, D.S.: XSB: extending prolog with tabled logic programming. Theory Pract. Logic Program. 12(1–2), 157–187 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Liang, S., Fodor, P., Wan, H., Kifer, M.: OpenRuleBench: detailed report (2009). http://semwebcentral.org/docman/view.php/158/69/report.pdf

  38. Wittocx, J., Denecker, M.: GidL: A grounder for FO\(^+\). In: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Workshop on NonMonotonic Reasoning, pp. 189–198 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Calimeri, F., Perri, S., Fuscà, D., Zangari, J.: \({\cal{I}}\)-DLV repository (2016). https://github.com/DeMaCS-UNICAL/I-DLV

  40. Calimeri, F., Ianni, G., Truszczynski, M. (eds.): LPNMR 2015. LNCS, vol. 9345. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francesco Calimeri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Calimeri, F., Fuscà, D., Perri, S., Zangari, J. (2016). \(\mathcal {I}\)-dlv: The New Intelligent Grounder of dlv . In: Adorni, G., Cagnoni, S., Gori, M., Maratea, M. (eds) AI*IA 2016 Advances in Artificial Intelligence. AI*IA 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10037. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49130-1_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49130-1_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-49129-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-49130-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics