Abstract
The goal of leakage-resilient cryptography is to construct cryptographic algorithms that are secure even if the adversary obtains side-channel information from the real world implementation of these algorithms. Most of the prior works on leakage-resilient cryptography consider leakage models where the adversary has access to the leakage oracle before the challenge-ciphertext is generated (before-the-fact leakage). In this model, there are generic compilers that transform any leakage-resilient CPA-secure public key encryption (PKE) scheme to its CCA-2 variant using Naor-Yung type of transformations. In this work, we give an efficient generic compiler for transforming a leakage-resilient CPA-secure PKE to leakage-resilient CCA-2 secure PKE in presence of after-the-fact split-state (bounded) memory leakage model, where the adversary has access to the leakage oracle even after the challenge phase. The salient feature of our transformation is that the leakage rate (defined as the ratio of the amount of leakage to the size of secret key) of the transformed after-the-fact CCA-2 secure PKE is same as the leakage rate of the underlying after-the-fact CPA-secure PKE, which is \(1-o(1)\).
We then present another generic compiler for transforming an after-the-fact leakage-resilient CCA-2 secure PKE to a leakage-resilient authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocol in the bounded after-the-fact leakage-resilient eCK (BAFL-eCK) model proposed by Alawatugoda et al. (ASIACCS’14). To the best of our knowledge, this gives the first compiler that transform any leakage-resilient CCA-2 secure PKE to an AKE protocol in the leakage variant of the eCK model.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Akavia, A., Goldwasser, S., Vaikuntanathan, V.: Simultaneous hardcore bits and cryptography against memory attacks. In: Reingold, O. (ed.) TCC 2009. LNCS, vol. 5444, pp. 474–495. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00457-5_28
Alawatugoda, J.: Generic construction of an\(\backslash \) mathrm \(\{eCK\}\)-secure key exchange protocol in the standard model. Int. J. Inf. Secur., 1–17 (2015)
Alawatugoda, J.: Generic transformation of a CCA2-secure public-key encryption scheme to an eCK-secure key exchange protocol in the standard model. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015/1248 (2015). http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1248
Alawatugoda, J., Stebila, D., Boyd, C.: Modelling after-the-fact leakage for key exchange. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security, pp. 207–216. ACM (2014)
Alawatugoda, J., Stebila, D., Boyd, C.: Continuous after-the-fact leakage-resilient eCK-Secure key exchange. In: Groth, J. (ed.) IMACC 2015. LNCS, vol. 9496, pp. 277–294. Springer, Cham (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27239-9_17
Alwen, J., Dodis, Y., Wichs, D.: Leakage-resilient public-key cryptography in the bounded-retrieval model. In: Halevi, S. (ed.) CRYPTO 2009. LNCS, vol. 5677, pp. 36–54. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03356-8_3
Bellare, M., Rogaway, P.: Entity authentication and key distribution. In: Stinson, D.R. (ed.) CRYPTO 1993. LNCS, vol. 773, pp. 232–249. Springer, Heidelberg (1994). doi:10.1007/3-540-48329-2_21
Brakerski, Z., Kalai, Y.T., Katz, J., Vaikuntanathan, V.: Cryptography resilient to continual memory leakage (2010)
Canetti, R., Krawczyk, H.: Analysis of key-exchange protocols and their use for building secure channels. In: Pfitzmann, B. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2001. LNCS, vol. 2045, pp. 453–474. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). doi:10.1007/3-540-44987-6_28
Chakraborty, S., Paul, G., Rangan, C.P.: Efficient compilers for after-the-fact leakage: from CPA to CCA-2 secure PKE to AKE (full version). Cryptology ePrint Archive (2017). http://eprint.iacr.org/2017/451
Chen, R., Mu, Y., Yang, G., Susilo, W., Guo, F.: Strongly leakage-resilient authenticated key exchange. In: Sako, K. (ed.) CT-RSA 2016. LNCS, vol. 9610, pp. 19–36. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29485-8_2
Cremers, C.: Examining indistinguishability-based security models for key exchange protocols: the case of CK, CK-HMQV, and ECK. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security, pp. 80–91. ACM (2011)
Dodis, Y., Haralambiev, K., López-Alt, A., Wichs, D.: Cryptography against continuous memory attacks. In: 2010 51st Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), pp. 511–520. IEEE (2010)
Dodis, Y., Haralambiev, K., López-Alt, A., Wichs, D.: Efficient public-key cryptography in the presence of key leakage. In: Abe, M. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2010. LNCS, vol. 6477, pp. 613–631. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17373-8_35
Dziembowski, S., Faust, S.: Leakage-resilient cryptography from the inner-product extractor. In: Lee, D.H., Wang, X. (eds.) ASIACRYPT 2011. LNCS, vol. 7073, pp. 702–721. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25385-0_38
Fujisaki, E., Kawachi, A., Nishimaki, R., Tanaka, K., Yasunaga, K.: Post-challenge leakage resilient public-key cryptosystem in split state model. IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. 98(3), 853–862 (2015)
Groth, J.: Simulation-sound NIZK proofs for a practical language and constant size group signatures. In: Lai, X., Chen, K. (eds.) ASIACRYPT 2006. LNCS, vol. 4284, pp. 444–459. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). doi:10.1007/11935230_29
Halderman, J.A., Schoen, S.D., Heninger, N., Clarkson, W., Paul, W., Calandrino, J.A., Feldman, A.J., Appelbaum, J., Felten, E.W.: Lest we remember: cold-boot attacks on encryption keys. Commun. ACM 52(5), 91–98 (2009)
Halevi, S., Lin, H.: After-the-fact leakage in public-key encryption. In: Ishai, Y. (ed.) TCC 2011. LNCS, vol. 6597, pp. 107–124. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19571-6_8
Kocher, P., Jaffe, J., Jun, B.: Differential power analysis. In: Wiener, M. (ed.) CRYPTO 1999. LNCS, vol. 1666, pp. 388–397. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). doi:10.1007/3-540-48405-1_25
Kocher, P.C.: Timing attacks on implementations of Diffie-Hellman, RSA, DSS, and other systems. In: Koblitz, N. (ed.) CRYPTO 1996. LNCS, vol. 1109, pp. 104–113. Springer, Heidelberg (1996). doi:10.1007/3-540-68697-5_9
Krawczyk, H.: HMQV: a high-performance secure Diffie-Hellman protocol. In: Shoup, V. (ed.) CRYPTO 2005. LNCS, vol. 3621, pp. 546–566. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). doi:10.1007/11535218_33
LaMacchia, B., Lauter, K., Mityagin, A.: Stronger security of authenticated key exchange. In: Susilo, W., Liu, J.K., Mu, Y. (eds.) ProvSec 2007. LNCS, vol. 4784, pp. 1–16. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75670-5_1
Menezes, A., Ustaoglu, B.: Comparing the pre- and post-specified peer models for key agreement. In: Mu, Y., Susilo, W., Seberry, J. (eds.) ACISP 2008. LNCS, vol. 5107, pp. 53–68. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70500-0_5
Micali, S., Reyzin, L.: Physically observable cryptography. In: Naor, M. (ed.) TCC 2004. LNCS, vol. 2951, pp. 278–296. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24638-1_16
Moriyama, D., Okamoto, T.: Leakage resilient eCK-secure key exchange protocol without random oracles. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security, pp. 441–447. ACM (2011)
Naor, M., Segev, G.: Public-key cryptosystems resilient to key leakage. In: Halevi, S. (ed.) CRYPTO 2009. LNCS, vol. 5677, pp. 18–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03356-8_2
Qin, B., Liu, S.: Leakage-resilient chosen-ciphertext secure public-key encryption from hash proof system and one-time lossy filter. In: Sako, K., Sarkar, P. (eds.) ASIACRYPT 2013. LNCS, vol. 8270, pp. 381–400. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-42045-0_20
Qin, B., Liu, S.: Leakage-flexible CCA-secure public-key encryption: simple construction and free of pairing. In: Krawczyk, H. (ed.) PKC 2014. LNCS, vol. 8383, pp. 19–36. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54631-0_2
Sarr, A.P., Elbaz-Vincent, P., Bajard, J.-C.: A new security model for authenticated key agreement. In: Garay, J.A., Prisco, R. (eds.) SCN 2010. LNCS, vol. 6280, pp. 219–234. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15317-4_15
Shoup, V.: On formal models for secure key exchange. Citeseer (1999)
Toorani, M.: On continuous after-the-fact leakage-resilient key exchange. In: Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Cryptography and Security in Computing Systems, p. 31. ACM (2015)
Yang, Z., Li, S.: On security analysis of an after-the-fact leakage resilient key exchange protocol. Inf. Process. Lett. 116(1), 33–40 (2016)
Zhang, Z., Chow, S.S.M., Cao, Z.: Post-challenge leakage in public-key encryption. Theor. Comput. Sci. 572, 25–49 (2015)
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the reviewers for their helpful comments. Part of this work was initiated when the first author was visiting R. C. Bose Centre for Cryptology and Security, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata during the Summer of 2016. The first and the third author are grateful to the project “Information Security Education and Awareness Program” of Ministry of Information Technology, Government of India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chakraborty, S., Paul, G., Rangan, C.P. (2017). Efficient Compilers for After-the-Fact Leakage: From CPA to CCA-2 Secure PKE to AKE. In: Pieprzyk, J., Suriadi, S. (eds) Information Security and Privacy. ACISP 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10342. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60055-0_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60055-0_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60054-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60055-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)