Skip to main content

Eavesdropping Opponent Agent Communication Using Deep Learning

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Multiagent System Technologies (MATES 2017)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 10413))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

We present a method for learning to interpret and understand foreign agent communication. Our approach is based on casting the contents of intercepted opponent agent communication to a bit-level representation and on training and employing deep convolutional neural networks for decoding the meaning of received messages. We empirically evaluate our method on real-world data acquired from the multi-agent domain of robotic soccer simulation, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the learned decoding models.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Pitch size in 2D simulated soccer is \(105\times 68\) m.

  2. 2.

    Binaries of all contemporary teams are available at chaosscripting.net.

References

  1. Abadi, M., Agarwal, A., Barham, P., Brevdo, E., Chen, Z., Citro, C., Corrado, G., Davis, A., Dean, J., Devin, M., Ghemawat, S., Goodfellow, I., Harp, A., Irving, G., Isard, M., Jia, Y., Jozefowicz, R., Kaiser, L., Kudlur, M., Levenberg, J., Mané, D., Monga, R., Moore, S., Murray, D., Olah, C., Schuster, M., Shlens, J., Steiner, B., Sutskever, I., Talwar, K., Tucker, P., Vanhoucke, V., Vasudevan, V., Viégas, F., Vinyals, O., Warden, P., Wattenberg, M., Wicke, M., Yu, Y., Zheng, X.: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Systems (2015). http://tensorflow.org/

  2. Almeida, F., Abreu, P., Lau, N., Reis, L.: An automatic approach to extract goal plans from soccer simulated matches. Soft Comput. 17(5), 835–848 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ba, J., Frey, B.: Adaptive dropout for training deep neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pp. 3084–3092 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brown, N., Sandholm, T.: Safe and nested endgame solving for imperfect-information games. In: Proceedings of the AAAI workshop on Computer Poker and Imperfect Information Games (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gabel, T., Riedmiller, M.: Learning a partial behavior for a competitive robotic soccer agent. KI Z. 20(2), 18–23 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., Courville, A.: Deep Learning. MIT Press, Cambridge (2017)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Hahnloser, R., Sarpeshkar, R., Mahowald, M., Douglas, R., Seung, H.: Digital selection and analogue amplification coesist in a cortex-inspired silicon circuit. Nature 405(6789), 947–951 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hornick, K., Stinchcombe, M., White, H.: Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators. Neural Netw. 2, 359–366 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kalyanakrishnan, S., Liu, Y., Stone, P.: Half field offense in robocup soccer: a multiagent reinforcement learning case study. In: Lakemeyer, G., Sklar, E., Sorrenti, D.G., Takahashi, T. (eds.) RoboCup 2006. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4434, pp. 72–85. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74024-7_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Kingma, D., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kok, J., Spaan, M., Vlassis, N.: Non-communicative multi-robot coordination in dynamic environments. Robot. Auton. Syst. 50(2–3), 99–114 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kuhlmann, G., Stone, P.: Progress in learning 3 vs. 2 keepaway. In: Polani, D., Browning, B., Bonarini, A., Yoshida, K. (eds.) RoboCup 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3020, pp. 694–702. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-25940-4_68

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. LeCun, Y.: Generalization and network. Design strategies. Technical report CRG-TR-89-4, University of Toronto (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mnih, V., Kavukcuoglu, K., Silver, D., Rusu, A., Veness, J., Bellemare, M., Graves, A., Riedmiller, M., Fidjeland, A., Ostrovski, G., Petersen, S., Beattie, C., Sadik, A., Antonoglou, I., King, H., Kumaran, D., Wierstra, D., Legg, S., Hassabis, D.: Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning. Nature 518(7540), 529–533 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Noda, I., Matsubara, H., Hiraki, K., Frank, I.: Soccer server: a tool for research on multi-agent systems. Appl. Artif. Intell. 12(2–3), 233–250 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Riedmiller, M., Gabel, T., Hafner, R., Lange, S.: Reinforcement learning for robot soccer. Auton. Robots 27(1), 55–74 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Rumelhart, D., Hinton, G.: Learning representations by back-propagating errors. Nature 323, 533–536 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Silver, D., Huang, A., Maddison, C., Guez, A., Sifre, L., Driessche, G., Schrittwieser, J., Antonoglou, I., Panneershelvam, V., Lanctot, M., Dieleman, S., Grewe, D., Nham, J., Kalchbrenner, N., Sutskever, I., Lillicrap, T., Leach, M., Kavukcuoglu, K., Graepel, T., Hassabis, D.: Mastering the game of go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature 529(7587), 484–489 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Stolzenburg, F., Murray, J., Sturm, K.: Multiagent matching algorithms with and without coach. J. Decis. Syst. 15(2–3), 215–240 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Stone, P., Kuhlmann, G., Taylor, M.E., Liu, Y.: Keepaway soccer: from machine learning testbed to benchmark. In: Bredenfeld, A., Jacoff, A., Noda, I., Takahashi, Y. (eds.) RoboCup 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4020, pp. 93–105. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). doi:10.1007/11780519_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Stone, P., Veloso, M.: Task decomposition, dynamic role assignment, and low-bandwidth communication for real-time strategic teamwork. Artif. Intell. 110(2), 241–273 (1999)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Veloso, M., Balch, T., Stone, P.: RoboCup 2001: the fifth robotic soccer world championships. AI Mag. 1(23), 55–68 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Woolridge, M.: Reasoning about Rational Agents. MIT Press, Cambridge (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas Gabel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Gabel, T., Tharwat, A., Godehardt, E. (2017). Eavesdropping Opponent Agent Communication Using Deep Learning. In: Berndt, J., Petta, P., Unland, R. (eds) Multiagent System Technologies. MATES 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10413. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64798-2_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64798-2_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64797-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64798-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics