Abstract
This paper presents a conversational agent that can deploy different strategies of negotiation based on its social power. The underlying computational model is based on three principles of collaborative negotiation from the literature in social psychology. The social behavior of the agent is made visible through its dialogue strategy. We evaluated our model by showing that these principles are correctly perceived by human observers on synthetic dialogues.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bee, N., Pollock, C., André, E., Walker, M.: Bossy or wimpy: expressing social dominance by combining gaze and linguistic behaviors. In: Allbeck, J., Badler, N., Bickmore, T., Pelachaud, C., Safonova, A. (eds.) IVA 2010. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6356, pp. 265–271. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15892-6_28
Brandenburg, F.J., Gleißner, A., Hofmeier, A.: Comparing and aggregating partial orders with kendall tau distances. Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 5(02), 1360003 (2013)
Broekens, J., Jonker, C.M., Meyer, J.J.C.: Affective negotiation support systems. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments 2(2), 121–144 (2010)
Burgoon, J.K., Dunbar, N.E.: Nonverbal expressions of dominance and power in human relationships. In: The Sage handbook of nonverbal communication. Sage 2 (2006)
Chu-Carroll, J., Carberry, S.: Response generation in collaborative negotiation. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 136–143. Association for Computational Linguistics (1995)
De Dreu, C.K., Van Kleef, G.A.: The influence of power on the information search, impression formation, and demands in negotiation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 40(3), 303–319 (2004)
De Dreu, C.K., Van Lange, P.A.: The impact of social value orientations on negotiator cognition and behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21(11), 1178–1188 (1995)
Dunbar, N.E., Burgoon, J.K.: Perceptions of power and interactional dominance in interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 22(2), 207–233 (2005)
Fiske, S.T.: Controlling other people: The impact of power on stereotyping. American Psychologist 48(6), 621 (1993)
Galinsky, A.D., Gruenfeld, D.H., Magee, J.C.: From power to action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85(3), 453 (2003)
Gebhard, P., Baur, T., Damian, I., Mehlmann, G., Wagner, J., André, E.: Exploring interaction strategies for virtual characters to induce stress in simulated job interviews. In: Proc. AAMAS 2014, pp. 661–668 (2014)
Giebels, E., De Dreu, C.K., Van De Vliert, E.: Interdependence in negotiation: Effects of exit options and social motive on distributive and integrative negotiation. European Journal of Social Psychology 30(2), 255–272 (2000)
Kecskés, I., Romero-Trillo, J.: Research trends in intercultural pragmatics, vol. 16. Walter de Gruyter (2013)
Kerly, A., Ellis, R., Bull, S.: Calmsystem: a conversational agent for learner modelling. Knowledge-Based Systems 21(3), 238–246 (2008)
Klatt, J., Marsella, S., Krämer, N.C.: Negotiations in the context of AIDS prevention: an agent-based model using theory of mind. In: Vilhjálmsson, H.H., Kopp, S., Marsella, S., Thórisson, K.R. (eds.) IVA 2011. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6895, pp. 209–215. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23974-8_23
Lance, B., Marsella, S.C.: The relation between gaze behavior and the attribution of emotion: an empirical study. In: Prendinger, H., Lester, J., Ishizuka, M. (eds.) IVA 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5208, pp. 1–14. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85483-8_1
Magee, J.C., Galinsky, A.D., Gruenfeld, D.H.: Power, propensity to negotiate, and moving first in competitive interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 33(2), 200–212 (2007)
de Melo, C.M., Gratch, J., Carnevale, P.J.: Humans versus computers: Impact of emotion expressions on people’s decision making. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 6(2), 127–136 (2015)
Mignault, A., Chaudhuri, A.: The many faces of a neutral face: Head tilt and perception of dominance and emotion. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 27(2), 111–132 (2003)
Nazari, Z., Lucas, G.M., Gratch, J.: Opponent modeling for virtual human negotiators. In: Brinkman, W.-P., Broekens, J., Heylen, D. (eds.) IVA 2015. LNCS, vol. 9238, pp. 39–49. Springer, Cham (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21996-7_4
Rich, C., Sidner, C.L.: Robots and avatars as hosts, advisors, companions, and jesters. AI Magazine 30(1), 29 (2009)
Sidner, C.L.: An artificial discourse language for collaborative negotiation. In: AAAI, vol. 94, pp. 814–819 (1994)
Swartout, W.R., Gratch, J., Hill Jr., R.W., Hovy, E., Marsella, S., Rickel, J., Traum, D., et al.: Toward virtual humans. AI Magazine 27(2), 96 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ouali, L.O., Sabouret, N., Rich, C. (2017). A Computational Model of Power in Collaborative Negotiation Dialogues. In: Beskow, J., Peters, C., Castellano, G., O'Sullivan, C., Leite, I., Kopp, S. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10498. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67401-8_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67401-8_35
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67400-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-67401-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)