The Internet of Things – Technical Challenges for Interoperability

Abstract

In this paper, we look at the various players in the Internet of Things (IoT) and explain the critical role of an information broker in an open ecosystem. We look at the challenge of data interoperability in the IoT context and describe the Hypercat standard; a specification for representing and exposing Internet of Things data catalogues to improve data discoverability and interoperability. The central idea is to enable distributed data repositories (data hubs) to be used jointly by applications by making it possible to query their catalogues in a uniform machine-readable format. This enables the creation of “knowledge graphs” of available datasets across multiple hubs that applications can exploit and query to identify and access the data they need, whatever the data hub in which they are held. This is achieved by employing the same principles on which linked data and the web are built: data accessible through standard web protocols and formats (HTTPS, JSON, and REST); the identification of resources through URIs; and the establishment of common, shared semantics for the descriptors of datasets. We exemplify by way of several demonstrations of IoT applications which use data from Hypercat-enabled data hubs.