Abstract
Cognitive linguistics introduced image schemas as a missing link between embodied experiences and high-level conceptualisation in language and metaphorical thinking. They are described as the abstract spatio-temporal relationships that function as conceptual building blocks for everyday concepts and events. Although there is increasing interest in the area of cognitively motivated artificial intelligence, where image schemas are suggested to be a core piece in the puzzle to model human-level conceptualisation and reasoning, so far rather few formal logical approaches can be found in the literature, in particular regarding attention to the dynamic aspects of image schemas. A fundamental problem here is that the typical mainstream approaches in contemporary KR do not map well to various scenarios found in image schema modelling. In this paper, we introduce a spatio-temporal logic for ‘directed movement of objects’, with the aim to model formally image schematic events such as Blockage, Caused_Movement and ‘bouncing’.
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Notes
- 1.
We write established image schemas in small caps.
- 2.
For this paper, we only use EC and DC (disconnected). However, when looking at image schemas such as Containment additional members of these qualitative relations are needed. Moreover, proximity spaces and point-free Whiteheadian systems based on ‘connection’ [25] will be considered as alternatives in future work.
- 3.
The reason for using nine relations is the wish to obtain a partition of the space of all relations between two objects, as is usually done in qualitative spatial reasoning.
- 4.
Introducing variables and (controlled, cognitively-motivated) quantification over objects is left for a future extension of the logic.
- 5.
Studying alternatives to this choice is part of future work.
- 6.
Children naturally do not understand gravity, yet they learn to predict that objects are ‘forced’ downwards.
- 7.
The authors acknowledge that additional Contact and Support relationships may exist that have not been considered in this paper.
- 8.
Alternatively, it is possible to make it more specific by determining also the path that the object is moving on, namely through Movement_Along_Path.
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Hedblom, M.M., Kutz, O., Mossakowski, T., Neuhaus, F. (2017). Between Contact and Support: Introducing a Logic for Image Schemas and Directed Movement. In: Esposito, F., Basili, R., Ferilli, S., Lisi, F. (eds) AI*IA 2017 Advances in Artificial Intelligence. AI*IA 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10640. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70169-1_19
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