Skip to main content

Wordless Games: Gameplay as Narrative Technique

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 10690))

Abstract

In this paper, we look at how gameplay can be used to tell stories in a game without the help of words. Through close readings of three wordless games with a strong narrative focus, Journey, Brothers: A Tale of Two Sons and A Bird Story, we explore how gameplay within wordless games can help to convey a narrative. We have identified four techniques by which gameplay is used for storytelling: gameplay as enacting narrative, manipulating player controls for narrative effect, gameplay for exploring narrative setting, and gameplay as time progression. We discuss these techniques in relation to existing concepts of player experience, and suggest ways gameplay can help to circumvent issues of ambiguity in wordless narrative in games.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Toh, W.: A multimodal discourse analysis of video games: a ludonarrative model In: Proceedings of DiGRA 2015 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dubbelman, T.: Narrative game mechanics. In: Nack, F., Gordon, A.S. (eds.) ICIDS 2016. LNCS, vol. 10045, pp. 39–50. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48279-8_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Larsen, B.A., Schoenau-Fog, H.: The narrative quality of game mechanics. In: Nack, F., Gordon, A.S. (eds.) ICIDS 2016. LNCS, vol. 10045, pp. 61–72. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48279-8_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Toolan, M.: Narrative: linguistic and structural theories. In: Brown, K. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd edn., pp. 459–473. Elsevier, Oxford (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fludernik, M.: An Introduction to Narratology. Routledge, London (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ryan, M.-L.: Narrative Across Media: The Languages of Storytelling. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ryan, M.-L.: Toward a definition of narrative. In: Herman, D. (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Narrative, pp. 22–36. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Borghi, A.M., Binkofski, F.: Words as Social Tools: An Embodied View Applied to Abstract Concepts. Springer, New York (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9539-0

    Book  Google Scholar 

  9. Ryan, M.-L.: Narration in various media. In: Hühn, P., et al. (eds.) The Living Handbook of Narratology. Hamburg University Press, Hamburg (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Arizpe, E.: Meaning-making from wordless (or nearly wordless) picturebooks: what educational research expects and what readers have to say. Camb. J. Educ. J. 43(2), 163–176 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Genette, G.: Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997). Trans. J.E. Lewin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Frasca, G.: Ludologists love stories, too: notes from a debate that never took place. In: Copier, M., Raessens, J. (eds.) Level-up: Digital Games Research Conference, pp. 92–99. Utrecht University, Utrecht (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Juul, J.: Are games telling stories? A brief note on games and narratives. Game Stud. 1(1) (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Murray, J.: The last word on ludology v narratology in game studies. In: International DiGRA Conference, June 2005

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hocking, C.: Ludonarrative Dissonance in Bioshock (2007). http://clicknothing.typepad.com/click_nothing/2007/10/ludonarrative-d.html. Accessed 23 June 2017

  16. Brice, M.: Ludonarrative Resonance (2011). http://www.mattiebrice.com/ludonarrative-resonance/. Accessed 23 June 2017

  17. Brice, M.: Narrative is a game mechanic (2012). http://www.popmatters.com/post/153895-narrative-is-a-game-mechanic/. Accessed 23 June 2017

  18. Pynenburg, T.: Games worth a thousand words: critical approaches and ludonarrative harmony in interactive narratives. Honors Theses (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Fabricatore, C.: Gameplay and game mechanics design: a key to quality in videogames. In: Proceedings of OECD-CERI Expert Meeting on Videogames and Education (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Journey, thatgamecompany (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Brothers: A Tale of Two Sons, Starbreeze Studios (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  22. A Bird Story, Freebird Studios (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bizzocchi, J., Tanenbaum, J.: Well read: applying close reading techniques to gameplay experiences. In: Drew, D. (ed.) Well Played 3.0, pp. 262–290. ETC Press (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Jenkins, H.: Game design as narrative architecture. In: Wardrip-Fruin, N., Harrigan, P. (eds.) First Person: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game, pp. 118–130. MIT Press, Cambridge (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ohannessian, K.: Game designer Jenova Chen on the art behind his “Journey” (2012). https://www.fastcompany.com/1680062/game-designer-jenova-chen-on-the-art-behind-his-journey. Accessed 23 June 2017

  26. Tanenbaum, K., Tanenbaum, J.: Commitment to meaning: a reframing of agency in games. In: Digital Arts and Culture Conference (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Abrams, M.H., Harpham, G.: A Glossary of Literary Terms, 10th edn. Cengage Learning, Boston (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Muzzillo, J.S.: Positive effects of ambiguity when created by rhetorical devices: to be or not to be. ETC Rev. Gen. Semant. 67(4), 452–468 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is partially supported by National University of Singapore, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuin Theng Sim .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Sim, Y.T., Mitchell, A. (2017). Wordless Games: Gameplay as Narrative Technique. In: Nunes, N., Oakley, I., Nisi, V. (eds) Interactive Storytelling. ICIDS 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10690. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71027-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71027-3_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71026-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71027-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics