Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Conference on Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality

EuroVR 2017: Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality pp 119–133Cite as

Can Virtual Human Entourage Elements Facilitate Accurate Distance Judgments in VR?

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNIP,volume 10700))

Abstract

Entourage elements are widely used in architectural renderings to provide a sense of scale and bring the drawings to life. We explore the potential of using a photorealistic, three-dimensional, exact-scale model of a known person as an entourage element to ameliorate the classical problem of distance underestimation in immersive virtual environments, for the purposes of enhancing spatial perception accuracy during architectural design reviews.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_average_human_height_worldwide.

References

  1. Anderson, A.T.: On the human figure in architectural representation. J. Archit. Edu. 55(4), 238–246 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Arbitrary Studio. https://gumroad.com/l/uPXbQ. Accessed 2 Oct 2017

  3. Creem-Regehr, S.H., Stefanucci, J.K., Thompson, W.B., Nash, N. McCardell, M.: Egocentric distance perception in the Oculus Rift (DK2). In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception, pp. 47–50. ACM, New York (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Colonesse, F.: Human figure as a cultural mediator in architectural drawings. In: Koç, G., Claes, M.-T., Christiansen, B. (eds.) Cultural Influences on Architecture. IGI Global (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Imamoglu, V.: The effect of furniture density on the subjective evaluation of spaciousness and estimation of size of rooms. In: Küller, R. (ed.) Architectural Psychology (Proceedings of the Lund Conference) (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Interrante, V., Ries, B., Lindquist, J., Kaeding, M., Anderson, L.: Elucidating factors that can facilitate veridical spatial perception in immersive virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 17(2), 176–198 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Jones, J.A., Swan II, J.E., Bolas, M.: Peripheral stimulation and its effect on perceived spatial scale in virtual environments. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 19(4), 701–710 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jun, E., Stefanucci, J.K., Creem-Regehr, S.H., Geuss, M.N., Thompson, W.B.: Big Foot: using the size of a virtual foot to scale gap width. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 12(4), 12 (2015). Article 16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jung, E., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, K., de la Rosa, S., Butz, M.V., Bülthoff, H.H., Meilinger, T.: The influence of human body orientation on distance judgments. Front. Psychol. Percept. Sci. 7, 217 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kato, K., Higashiyama, A.: Estimation of height for persons in pictures. Percept. Psychophys. 60(8), 1318–1328 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kelly, J.W., Hammel, W.W., Siegel, Z.D., Sjolund, L.A.: Recalibration of perceived distance in virtual environments occurs rapidly and transfers asymmetrically across scale. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 20(4), 588–595 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kelly, J.W., Cherep, L.A., Siegel, Z.D.: Perceived space in the HTC Vive. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 15(1), 16 (2017). Article 2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kennedy, R.S., Lane, N.E., Berbaum, K.S., Lillenthal, M.G.: Simulator sickness questionnaire: an enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. 3(3), 203–220 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Langbehn, E., Bruder, G., Steinicke, F.: Scale matters! analysis of dominant scale estimation in the presence of conflicting cues in multi-scale collaborative virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, pp. 211–220 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Leyrer, M., Linkenauger, S.A., Bülthoff, H.H., Mohler, B.J.: Eye height manipulations: a possible solution to reduce underestimation of egocentric distances in head-mounted displays. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 12(1), 23 (2015). Article 1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Li, B., Zhang, R., Nordman, A., Kuhl, S.A.: The effects of minification and display field of view on distance judgments in real and HMD-based environments. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception, pp. 55–58. ACM, New York (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Linkenauger, S.A., Leyrer, M., Bülthoff, H.H., Mohler, B.J.: Welcome to wonderland: the influence of the size and shape of a virtual hand on the perceived size and shape of virtual objects. PLoS ONE 8(7), e68594 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. McManus, E.A., Bodenheimer, B., Streuber, S., de la Rosa, S., Bülthoff, H.H., Mohler, B.J.: The influence of avatar (self and character) animations on distance estimation, object interaction and locomotion in immersive virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, pp. 37–44. ACM, New York (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mohler, B.J., Creem-Regehr, S.H., Thompson, W.B., Bülthoff, H.H.: The effect of viewing a self-avatar on distance judgments in an HMD-based virtual environment. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 19(3), 230–242 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Phillips, L., Interrante, V.: A little unreality in a realistic replica environment degrades distance estimation accuracy. In: Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality (Posters), pp. 235–236 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ragan, E.D., Wilkes, C., Cao, Y., Bowman, D.A.: The effects of virtual character animation on spatial judgments. In: Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality: Short Papers and Posters, pp. 141–142 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Renner, R.S., Velichkovsky, B.M., Helmert, J.R.: The perception of egocentric distances in virtual environments - a review. ACM Comput. Surv. 46(2), 40 (2013). Article 23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Richardson, A.R., Waller, D.: Interaction with an immersive virtual environment corrects users’ distance estimates. Hum. Factors: J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 49(3), 507–517 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ries, B., Interrante, V., Kaeding, M., Anderson L.: The effect of self-embodiment on distance perception in immersive virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 167–170. ACM, New York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ries, B., Kaeding, M., Phillips, L., Interrante, V.: Analyzing the effect of a virtual avatar’s geometric and animation fidelity on ego-centric spatial perception in immersive virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 59–66. ACM, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Steinicke, F., Bruder, G., Hinrichs, K., Lappe, M., Ries, B., Interrante, V.: Transitional environments enhance distance perception in immersive virtual reality systems. In: Proceedings of the ACM/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, pp. 19–26. ACM, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Usoh, M., Catena, E., Arman, S., Slater, M.: Using presence questionnaires in reality. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 9(5), 497–503 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Witmer, B.G., Singer, M.J.: Measuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnaire. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 7(3), 225–240 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Witt, J.K., Stefanucci, J.K., Riener, C.R., Proffitt, D.R.: Seeing beyond the target: environmental context affects distance perception. Perception 36(12), 1752–1768 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Young, M.K., Gaylor, G.B., Andrus, S.M., Bodenheimer, B.: A comparison of two cost-differentiated virtual reality systems for perception and action tasks. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception, 83–90. ACM, New York (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grants CHS: Small: Transforming the Architectural Design Review Process through Collaborative Embodiment in HMD-based Immersive Virtual Environments (1526693) and REU Site: Computational Methods for Discovery Driven by Big Data (1460620), by the Computing Research Association’s Committee on the Status of Women in Research (CRA-W) through its Distributed Research Experiences for Undergraduates (DREU) program, and by the Linda and Ted Johnson Digital Design Consortium Endowment. A previous iteration of this project was begun by Grace Chen and Bezawit Moges in 2014, and continued by Yucai Chang with assistance from John Chen and Peng Liu.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA

    Karla Paraiso

  2. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Victoria Interrante

Authors
  1. Karla Paraiso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Victoria Interrante
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Victoria Interrante .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Jernej Barbic

  2. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

    Mirabelle D'Cruz

  3. Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Marc Erich Latoschik

  4. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Mel Slater

  5. University of Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

    Patrick Bourdot

Appendix

Appendix

Presence questions (based on the Université du Québec en Outaouais Cyberpsychology Lab’s revision [http://w3.uqo.ca/cyberpsy/docs/qaires/pres/PQ_va.pdf] of the Witmer and Singer [28] Presence Questionnaire and the Slater-Usoh-Steed [27] Presence Questionnaire):

  1. 1.

    In the computer generated world, I had a sense of “being there” (1 = not at all; 7 = very much)

  2. 2.

    When you think back to the experience, do you think of the virtual environment more as images that you saw or more as somewhere that you visited? (1 = images; 7 = felt like I visited)

  3. 3.

    How aware were you of the real world surrounding while navigating in the virtual world (i.e. sounds, room temperature, other people, etc.)? (1 = Not aware at all; 7 = extremely aware) [reversed for scoring]

  4. 4.

    To what extent were there times during the experience when the virtual environment was the reality for you? (1 = none; 7 = always)

  5. 5.

    How real did the virtual world seem to you? (1 = not real at all; 7 = completely real)

  6. 6.

    How much did your experience in the virtual environment seem consistent with your real world experience? (1 = not consistent; 7 = very consistent)

  7. 7.

    How natural did your interactions with the environment seem? (1 = unnatural; 7 = very natural)

  8. 8.

    How compelling was your sense of objects moving through space? (1 = not at all; 7 = very compelling)

  9. 9.

    How completely were you able to actively survey or search the environment using vision? (1 = not at all; 7 = completely)

  10. 10.

    How compelling was your sense of moving around inside the virtual environment? (1 = not at all; 7 = very compelling)

  11. 11.

    How quickly did you adjust to the virtual environment experience? (1 = not at all; 7 = quickly adjusted)

  12. 12.

    How proficient in moving and interacting with the virtual environment did you feel at the end of the experience? (1 = not reasonably; 7 = very proficient)

  13. 13.

    How much did the visual display quality interfere or distract you from performing assigned tasks or required activities? (1 = not at all interfered; 7 = interfered a lot) [reversed for scoring]

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Paraiso, K., Interrante, V. (2017). Can Virtual Human Entourage Elements Facilitate Accurate Distance Judgments in VR?. In: Barbic, J., D'Cruz, M., Latoschik, M., Slater, M., Bourdot, P. (eds) Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. EuroVR 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10700. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72323-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72323-5_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-72322-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-72323-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation