Abstract
Location data plays an important role in several applications embedded in our digital living. These applications, usually, take advantage of Global Positioning System (GPS). However, GPS is not targeted for indoor location, therefore this paper presents an alternative system, based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons that together with bluetooth-enabled Smartphones, allows the development of low cost and accurate location-aware applications for indoor scenarios. The paper describes the challenges associated with the system deployment and presents algorithms to improve the distance estimation process as the user moves around the smart space. The evaluation performed shows that this approach has good results on noise reduction and movement adaptation allowing a close tracking of the indoor user position.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Kaplan, E., Hegarty, C.: Understanding GPS Principles and Applications, Second edn. Artech House, Norwood (2006). ISBN-10: 1–58053-894-0
Ozsoy, K., Bozkurt, A., Tekin, I.: Indoor positioning based on global positioning system signals. Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 55, 1091–1097 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.27520
Becvarik, M., Devetsikiotis, M.: Modeling of user quality of experience in location aware smart spaces. In: IEEE 2016 Digital Media Industry & Academic Forum (DMIAF), pp. 207–212 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/DMIAF.2016.7574934
Namiot, D.: On indoor positioning. Int. J. Open Inf. Technol. 3, 23–26 (2015)
Bahl, P., Padmanabhan, V.N.: RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system. In: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000, Conference on Computer Communications, Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064), pp. 775–784 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2000.832252
LaMarca, A., et al.: Place lab: device positioning using radio beacons in the wild. In: Gellersen, H.W., Want, R., Schmidt, A. (eds.) Pervasive Computing. Pervasive 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3468. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11428572_8
Bai, Y.B., Wu, S., Wu, H.R., Zhang, K.: Overview of RFID-based indoor positioning technology. In: GSR2012, vol. 1328 (2012). CEUR-WS.org. ISBN 978-0-9872527-1-5
Bouet, M., dos Santos, A.L.: RFID tags: positioning principles and localization techniques. In: IEEE 2008 1st IFIP Wireless Days, pp. 1–5 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/WD.2008.4812905. ISBN 978-1-4244-2828-1
Yang, C., Shao, H.: WiFi-based indoor positioning. IEEE Commun. Mag. 53(3), 150–157 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2015.7060497
Galvan, C.E., Galvan-Tejada, I., Sandoval, E.I., Brena, R.: Wifi Bluetooth based combined positioning algorithm. Procedia Eng. 35, 101–108 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.04.170. Elsevier
Liu, H.-H., Yang, Y.-N.: WiFi-based indoor positioning for multi-floor environment. In: 2011 IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON 2011, pp. 697–601 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON.2011.6129175. Procedia Eng
Subhan, F., Hasbullah, H., Rozyyev, A., Bakhsh, S.T.: Analysis of Bluetooth signal parameters for indoor positioning systems. In: IEEE 2012 International Conference on Computer & Information Science (ICCIS), pp. 784–789 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCISci.2012.6297133
SIG, Bluetooth: Bluetooth Technology Basics (2015). https://www.bluetooth.com/what-is-bluetooth-technology/bluetooth-technology-basics
Gomez, C., Oller, J., Paradells, J.: Overview and evaluation of Bluetooth low energy: an emerging low-power wireless technology. Mol. Divers. Preserv. Int. Sens. J. 12, 11734–11753 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3390/s120911734
Faragher, R., Harle, R.: Location fingerprinting With Bluetooth low energy beacons. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 33, 2418–2428 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2015.2430281
Kontakt.io: Kontakt.io Web Page. https://kontakt.io/
Apple Inc.: Getting Started with iBeacon (2014). https://developer.apple.com/ibeacon/Getting-Started-with-iBeacon.pdf
SIlicon Labs: Developing Beacons with Bluetooth low energy (BLE) Technology (2017). http://pages.silabs.com/rs/634-SLU-379/images/Whitepaper-Developing-Beacons-with-Bluetooth-Low-Energy-Technology.pdf
Kontakt.io: Transmission power, Range and RSSI (2017). https://support.kontakt.io/hc/en-gb/articles/201621521-Transmission-power-Range-and-RSSI
Seybold, J.S.: Introduction to RF Propagation. http://s1.nonlinear.ir/epublish/book/Introduction_to_RF_Propagation_0471655961.pdf
Acknowledgements
This work was partially funded by project QVida +: Estimação Contínua de Qualidade de Vida para Auxílio Eficaz à Decisã Clínica, NORTE-01-0247 - FEDER-003446, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programe (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the strategic project LIACC (PEst-UID/CEC/00027/2013) and by Fundação Ensino e Cultura Fernando Pessoa.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gomes, A., Pinto, A., Soares, C., Torres, J.M., Sobral, P., Moreira, R.S. (2018). Indoor Location Using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons. In: Rocha, Á., Adeli, H., Reis, L., Costanzo, S. (eds) Trends and Advances in Information Systems and Technologies. WorldCIST'18 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 746. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77712-2_53
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77712-2_53
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77711-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77712-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)