Skip to main content

Towards Combined Network and Text Analytics of Student Discourse in Online Discussions

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 10947))

Abstract

This paper presents a novel method for the evaluation of students’ use of asynchronous discussions in online learning environments. In particular, the paper shows how students’ cognitive development across different course topics can be examined using the combination of natural language processing and graph-based analysis techniques. Drawing on the theoretical foundation of the community of inquiry model, we show how topic modeling and epistemic network analysis can provide qualitatively new insight into students’ development of critical and deep thinking skills. We also show how the same method can be used to investigate the effectiveness of instructional interventions and its effect on student learning. The results of this study and its practical implications are further discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Blei, D.M.: Topic modeling in digital humanities. J. Digit. Humanit. 2(1) (2012). Special Issue

    Google Scholar 

  2. Akyol, Z., Garrison, D.R.: Assessing metacognition in an online community of inquiry. Internet High. Educ. 14(3), 183–190 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.01.005

  3. Anderson, T., Dron, J.: Three generations of distance education pedagogy. Int. Rev. Res. Open Distance Learn. 12(3), 80–97 (2010). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/890/

  4. Anderson, T., Rourke, L., Garrison, D.R., Archer, W.: Assessing teaching presence in a computer conferencing context. J. Asynchronous Learn. Netw. 5, 1–17 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Arbaugh, J., Cleveland-Innes, M., Diaz, S.R., Garrison, D.R., Ice, P., Richardson, J.C., Swan, K.P.: Developing a community of inquiry instrument: testing a measure of the community of inquiry framework using a multi-institutional sample. Internet High. Educ. 11(3–4), 133–136 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.06.003

  6. Azevedo, R., Moos, D.C., Greene, J.A., Winters, F.I., Cromley, J.G.: Why is externally-facilitated regulated learning more effective than self-regulated learning with hypermedia? Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 56(1), 45–72 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-007-9067-0

  7. Blei, D.M., Ng, A.Y., Jordan, M.I.: Latent dirichlet allocation. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3, 993–1022 (2003). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=944919.944937

  8. Cohen, J.: The analysis of variance. In: Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, pp. 273–406. L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dewey, J.: My pedagogical creed. Sch. J. 54(3), 77–80 (1897)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Feldman, R., Sanger, J.: The Text Mining Handbook: Advanced Approaches in Analyzing Unstructured Data. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fischer, F., Kollar, I., Mandl, H., Haake, J.M.: Scripting Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning: Cognitive. Computational and Educational Perspectives. Springer Science & Business Media, New York (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36949-5

  12. Garrison, D.R.: Cognitive presence for effective asynchronous online learning: the role of reflective inquiry, self-direction and metacognition. Elem. Qual. Online Educ. Pract. Dir. 4(1), 47–58 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Garrison, D.R., Anderson, T., Archer, W.: Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: computer conferencing in higher education. Internet High. Educ. 2(2–3), 87–105 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6

  14. Garrison, D.R., Anderson, T., Archer, W.: Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. Am. J. Distance Educ. 15(1), 7–23 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640109527071

  15. Garrison, D.R., Anderson, T., Archer, W.: The first decade of the community of inquiry framework: a retrospective. Internet High. Educ. 13(1–2), 5–9 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.10.003

  16. Gašević, D., Adesope, O., Joksimović, S., Kovanović, V.: Externally-facilitated regulation scaffolding and role assignment to develop cognitive presence in asynchronous online discussions. Internet High. Educ. 24, 53–65 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2014.09.006

  17. Heo, H., Lim, K.Y., Kim, Y.: Exploratory study on the patterns of online interaction and knowledge co-construction in project-based learning. Comput. Educ. 55(3), 1383–1392 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.06.012

  18. Kovanović, V., Joksimović, S., Gašević, D., Hatala, M.: Automated cognitive presence detection in online discussion transcripts. In: Proceedings of the Workshops at the LAK 2014 Conference Co-located with 4th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK 2014), Indianapolis, IN (2014). http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1137/

  19. Kovanović, V., Joksimović, S., Gašević, D., Hatala, M., Siemens, G.: Content analytics: the definition, scope, and an overview of published research. In: Lang, C., Siemens, G., Wise, A., Gašević, D. (eds.) Handbook of Learning Analytics and Educational Data Mining, pp. 77–92. SoLAR, Edmonton (2017). https://doi.org/10.18608/hla17.007

  20. Kovanović, V., Joksimović, S., Gašević, D., Siemens, G., Hatala, M.: What public media reveals about MOOCs: a systematic analysis of news reports. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 46(3), 510–527 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12277

  21. Kovanović, V., Joksimović, S., Poquet, O., Hennis, T., Čukić, I., de Vries, P., Hatala, M., Dawson, S., Siemens, G., Gašević, D.: Exploring communities of inquiry in massive open online courses. Comput. Educ. 119, 44–58 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.11.010

  22. Kovanović, V., Joksimović, S., Waters, Z., Gašević, D., Kitto, K., Hatala, M., Siemens, G.: Towards automated content analysis of discussion transcripts: a cognitive presence case. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge (LAK 2016), pp. 15–24. ACM, New York (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/2883851.2883950

  23. Lipman, M.: Thinking in Education. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Manning, C.D., Schütze, H.: Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, vol. 999. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Nash, P., Shaffer, D.W.: Mentor modeling: the internalization of modeled professional thinking in an epistemic game. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 27(2), 173–189 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00385.x

  26. Ramage, D., Rosen, E., Chuang, J., Manning, C.D., McFarland, D.A.: Topic modeling for the social sciences. In: NIPS 2009 Workshop on Applications for Topic Models: Text and Beyond, Whistler, Canada (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Reich, J., Tingley, D., Leder-Luis, J., Roberts, M.E., Stewart, B.: Computer-assisted reading and discovery for student generated text in massive open online courses. J. Learn. Analytics 2(1), 156–184 (2014). http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/JLA/article/view/4138

  28. Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, D.R., Archer, W.: Assessing social presence in asynchronous text-based computer conferencing. J. Distance Educ. 14(2), 50–71 (1999). http://www.ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/153

  29. Shaffer, D.W.: Epistemic frames for epistemic games. Comput. Educ. 46(3), 223–234 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2005.11.003

  30. Shaffer, D.W.: Epistemic frames and islands of expertise: learning from infusion experiences. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Learning Sciences, ICLS 2004, pp. 473–480. International Society of the Learning Sciences, Santa Monica (2004). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1149126.1149184

  31. Shaffer, D.W., Collier, W., Ruis, A.R.: A tutorial on epistemic network analysis: analyzing the structure of connections in cognitive, social, and interaction data. J. Learn. Analytics 3(3), 9–45 (2016). https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2016.33.3

  32. Shaffer, D.W., Hatfield, D., Svarovsky, G.N., Nash, P., Nulty, A., Bagley, E., Frank, K., Rupp, A.A., Mislevy, R.: Epistemic network analysis: a prototype for 21st-century assessment of learning. Int. J. Learn. Media 1(2), 33–53 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1162/ijlm.2009.0013

  33. Stahl, G., Koschmann, T., Suthers, D., Sawyer, R.K.: Computer-supported collaborative learning: a historical perspective. In: The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences, pp. 409–426. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wallach, H.M.: Topic modeling: beyond bag-of-words. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2006, pp. 977–984. ACM, New York (2006). https://doi.org/10.1145/1143844.1143967

  35. Waters, Z., Kovanović, V., Kitto, K., Gašević, D.: Structure matters: adoption of structured classification approach in the context of cognitive presence classification. In: Zuccon, G., Geva, S., Joho, H., Scholer, F., Sun, A., Zhang, P. (eds.) AIRS 2015. LNCS, vol. 9460, pp. 227–238. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28940-3_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Winne, P.H., Hadwin, A.F.: Studying as self-regulated learning. In: Hacker, D.J., Dunlosky, J., Graesser, A.C. (eds.) Metacognition in educational theory and practice. The Educational Psychology Series, pp. 277–304. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Yang, D., Wen, M., Rose, C.: Towards identifying the resolvability of threads in MOOCs. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 21–31 (2014). http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W14/W14-41.pdf#page=28

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rafael Ferreira .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Ferreira, R., Kovanović, V., Gašević, D., Rolim, V. (2018). Towards Combined Network and Text Analytics of Student Discourse in Online Discussions. In: Penstein Rosé, C., et al. Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10947. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93843-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93843-1_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-93842-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93843-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics