Semi-supervised Text Classification Using Partitioned EM

Abstract

Text classification using a small labeled set and a large unlabeled data is seen as a promising technique to reduce the labor-intensive and time consuming effort of labeling training data in order to build accurate classifiers since unlabeled data is easy to get from the Web. In [16] it has been demonstrated that an unlabeled set improves classification accuracy significantly with only a small labeled training set. However, the Bayesian method used in [16] assumes that text documents are generated from a mixture model and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the mixture components and the classes. This may not be the case in many applications. In many real-life applications, a class may cover documents from many different topics, which violates the one-to-one correspondence assumption. In such cases, the resulting classifiers can be quite poor. In this paper, we propose a clustering based partitioning technique to solve the problem. This method first partitions the training documents in a hierarchical fashion using hard clustering. After running the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm in each partition, it prunes the tree using the labeled data. The remaining tree nodes or partitions are likely to satisfy the one-to-one correspondence condition. Extensive experiments demonstrate that this method is able to achieve a dramatic gain in classification performance.