Abstract
Based on measurements in live GPRS networks, the degree of self-similarity for the aggregated WAP and WEB traffic is investigated by utilizing six well established Hurst parameter estimators. We show that in particular WAP traffic is long-range dependent and its scaling for time scales below the average page duration is not second order self similar. WAP over UDP can also determine the overall traffic scaling, if it is the majority traffic. Finally we observe that the minor traffic exhibits a larger Hurst value than the aggregated traffic, in case of WAP as well as in case of WEB traffic.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Willinger, W., Taqqu, M.S., Erramilli, A.: A bibliographical guide to self-similar traffic and performance modeling for modern high-speed networks. In: Stochastic Networks: Theory and Applications. In Royal Statistical Society Lecture Notes Series, vol. 4, pp. 339–366. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1996)
Paxson, V., Floyd, S.: Wide Area Traffic: The Failure of Poisson Modeling. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM (1994)
Leland, W.E., Taqqu, M.S., Willinger, W., Wilson, D.V.: On the Self-Similar Nature of Ethernet Traffic (Extended Version). IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 2(1), 1–15 (1994)
Erramilli, A., Narayan, O., Willinger, W.: Experimental queueing analysis with longrange dependent packet traffic. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 4, 209–223 (1996)
Erramilli, A., Narayan, O., Neidhardt, A.L., Saniee, I.: Performance impacts of multiscaling in wide-area TCP/IP traffic. In: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, vol. 1, pp. 352–359 (2000)
Norros, I.: A storage model with self-similar input. Queueing Systems 16, 387–396 (1994)
Crovella, M.E., Bestavros, A.: Self-Similarity in World Wide Web Traffic: Evidence and Possible Causes. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS (1996)
Feldmann, A., Gilbert, A.C., Huang, P., Willinger, W.: Dynamics of IP traffic: A study of the role of variability and the impact of control. In: ACM SIGCOMM (1999)
Kalden, R., Varga, T., Wouters, B., Sanders, B.: Wireless Service Usage and Traffic Characteristics in GPRS networks. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC18), Berlin, vol. 2, pp. 981–990 (2003)
Abry, P., Taqqu, M.S., Veitch, D., Flandrin, P.: Wavelets for the analysis, estimation and synthesis of scaling data. In: Park, K., Willinger, W. (eds.) Self Similar Network Traffic Analysis and Performance Evaluation, Wiley, Chichester (2000)
Karagiannis, T., Faloutsos, M.: SELFIS: A Tool For Self-Similarity and Long-Range Dependence Analysis. In: 1st Workshop on Fractals and Self-Similarity in Data Mining: Issues and Approaches (in KDD), Edmonton, Canada, July 23 (2002)
Darryl Veitch’s home page: http://www.cubinlab.ee.mu.oz.au/~darryl/
Karagiannis, T., Faloutsos, M.: Long-Range Dependence: Now you see it, now you don’t!” CSE Dept., UC Riverside, Rudolff H. Riedi, ECE Dept. Rice University. In: IEEE Global Internet (2002)
Park, K., Kim, G.T., Crovella, M.E.: On the Relationship Between File Sizes, Transport Protocols, and Self-Similar Network Traffic. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, pp. 171–180 (1996)
Popescu, A.: Traffic Self-Similarity. In: ICT 2001, Bucharest (2001)
Internal communication, Ericsson ETH, Budapest ( 2003)
Kalden, R., Ekström, H.: Searching for Mobile Mice and Elephants in GPRS Networks, submitted for publication (2004)
Willinger, W., Paxson, V., Taqqu, M.: Self-Similarity and Heavy Tails: Structural Modeling of Network Traffic. In: A practical Guide To Heavy Tails: Statistical Techniques and Applications, Birkhauser, Boston (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kalden, R., Ibrahim, S. (2004). Searching for Self-Similarity in GPRS. In: Barakat, C., Pratt, I. (eds) Passive and Active Network Measurement. PAM 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3015. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24668-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24668-8_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-21492-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-24668-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive