Abstract
This paper presents a new approach on utilizing human visual model (HVM) for watermarking. The approach introduces the linear prediction synthesis filter, whose parameters are derived from a set of just noticeable differences estimated by HVM. After being filtered by such a filter, the watermark can be adapted to characteristics of human visual system. As a result, the watermark visibility is noticeably decreased, while at the same time enhancing its energy. The theoretic analysis of the detector is done to illustrate the affect of the filter on detection value. And the experimental results prove the effectiveness of the new approach.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cox, I., Miller, M.L.: A review of watermarking and the importance of perceptual modeling. In: Proc. Electronic Imaging (February 1997)
Tewfik, A.H., Swanson, M.: Data hiding for multimedia personalization, interaction, and protection. IEEE Signal Processing Mag. 14, 41–44 (1997)
Wolfgang, R.B., Podilchuk, C.I., Delp, E.J.: Perceptual watermarks for digital images and video. Proc. IEEE 87, 1108–1126 (1999)
Voloshynovskiy, S., Herrigel, A., Baumgaetner, N., Pun, T.: A stochastic approach to content-adaptive digital image watermarking. In: Third International Workshop on Information Hiding (1999)
Jayant, N., Johnston, J., Safranek, R.: Signal compression based on models of human perception. Proc. IEEE 81 (October 1993)
Watson, B.: DCT quantization matrices optimized for individual images. In: Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display IV, SPIE, vol. 1913, pp. 202–216 (1993)
Watson, A.B., Yang, G.Y., Solomon, J.A., Villasenor, J.: Visual thresholds for wavelet quantization error. In: Human Vision and Electronic Imaging, SPIE, vol. 2657, pp. 381–392 (1996)
Lewis, A.S., Knowles, G.: Image compression using the 2-D wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Image Processing 1, 244–250 (1992)
Podilchuk, C.I., Zeng, W.: Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models. IEEE J. Selected Areas Comm. 16(4), 525–539 (1998)
Barni, M., Bartolini, F., Cappellini, V., Piva, A.: A DCT-domain System for Robust Image Watermarking. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 66(3), 357–372 (1998)
Delaigle, J.F., De Vleeschouwer, C., Macq, B.: Watermarking Algorithm Based on Human Visual Model. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 66(3), 319–335 (1998)
Kim, Y.S., Kwon, O.H., Park, R.H.: Wavelet based watermarking method for digital images using the human visual system. In: ISCAS 1999. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems vol. 4(30) (June 1999)
Vleeschouwer, C.D., Delaigle, J.F., Macq, B.: Invisibility and application functionalities in perceptual watermarking an overview. Proceedings of the IEEE 90(1), 64–77 (2002)
Cox, I.J., Miller, M.L., Bloom, J.A.: Digital Watermarking. Academic Press, San Francisco (2002)
Rangsanseri, Y., Thitimajshima, W.: Copyright protection of images using human visual masking on DCT-based watermarking. In: APCCAS 2002. Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, October 2001, vol. 1, pp. 28–31 (2002)
Barni, M., Bartolini, F., Piva, A.: Improved Wavelet-Based Watermarking Through Pixel-Wise Masking. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 10(5), 783–791 (2001)
Saravanan, V., Bora, P.K., Ghosh, D.: Oblivious Image-Adaptive Watermarking Using Quantization Index Modulation. In: The Eighth National Conf. on Communications, India, January 2002, pp. 26–37 (2002)
Haykin, S.: Adaptive Filter Theory, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1998)
Lawrence Marple Jr., S.: Two-dimensional Lattice Linear Prediction Parameter Estimation Method and Fast Algorithm. IEEE Signal Processing Letters 7, 164–168 (2000)
Kuo, S.-S., Johnston, J.D.: Spatial Noise Shaping Based on Human Visual Sensitivity and Its Application to Image Coding. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 11(5), 509–517 (2002)
Miller, M.L., Bloom, J.A.: Computing the probability of false watermark detection. In: Proceeding of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding, pp. 146–158 (1999)
Helstrom, C.W.: Statistical Theory of Signal Detection. Pergamon Press, New York (1960)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhu, X., Wang, Y. (2005). Better Use of Human Visual Model in Watermarking Based on Linear Prediction Synthesis Filter. In: Cox, I.J., Kalker, T., Lee, HK. (eds) Digital Watermarking. IWDW 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3304. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31805-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31805-7_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-24839-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31805-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)