Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Conference on Spatial Cognition

Spatial Cognition 2004: Spatial Cognition IV. Reasoning, Action, Interaction pp 58–78Cite as

A Model for Context-Specific Route Directions

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 3343))

Abstract

Wayfinding, i.e. getting from some origin to a destination, is one of the prime everyday problems humans encounter. It has received a lot of attention in research and many (commercial) systems propose assistance in this task. We present an approach to route directions based on the idea to adapt route directions to route and environment’s characteristics. The lack of such an adaptation is a major drawback of existing systems. Our approach is based on an information- and representation-theoretic analysis of routes and takes into account findings of behavioral research. The resulting systematics is the framework for the optimization process. We discuss the consequences of using an optimization process for generating route directions and outline its algorithmic realization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allen, G.L.: Spatial abilities, cognitive maps, and wayfinding. Bases for individual differences in spatial cognition and behavior. In: Golledge, R.G. (ed.) Wayfinding behavior. Cognitive mapping and other spatial processes, pp. 46–80. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, G.L.: Gestures accompanying verbal route directions: Do they point to a new avenue for examining spatial representations? Spatial Cognition and Computation 3, 259–268 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blades, M.: Wayfinding theory and research: The need for a new approach. In: Mark, D.M., Frank, A.U. (eds.) Cognitive and linguistic aspects of geographic space, pp. 137–165. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N.: Knowledge of language: Its nature, origin and use. Praeger, New York (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowan, N.: The magical number 4 in short term memory. A reconsideration of storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, 87–186 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, R., Geldof, S., Prost, J.-P.: Generating more natural route descriptions. In: Proceedings of the 2002 Australasian natural language processing workshop, Canberra, Australia (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, R., Geldof, S., Prost, J.-P.: CORAL: Using natural language generation for navigational assistance. In: Proceedings of the 26th Australasian computer science conference (ACSC 2003), Adelaide, Australia (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, M.-P., Denis, M.: Spatial descriptions as navigational aids: A cognitive analysis of route directions. Kognitionswissenschaft 7(1), 45–52 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denis, M.: The description of routes: A cognitive approach to the production of spatial discourse. In: Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, vol. 16(4), pp. 409–458 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Denis, M., Pazzaglia, F., Cornoldi, C., Bertolo, L.: Spatial discourse and navigation: An analysis of route directions in the city of Venice. Applied Cognitive Psychology 13(2), 145–174 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dey, A.K., Abowd, G.D.: Towards a better understanding of context and context-awareness. In: Proceedings of the workshop on the what, who, where, when, and how of context-awareness, New York (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dijkstra, E.W.: A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik 1, 269–271 (1959)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Duckham, M., Kulik, L.: “Simplest” paths: Automated route selection for navigation. In: Kuhn, W., Worboys, M.F., Timpf, S. (eds.) COSIT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2825, pp. 169–185. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Elias, B., Sester, M.: Landmarken für Wegbeschreibungen - Identifikation, Extraktion und Visualisierung. Kartographische Nachrichten 53(2), 51–57 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eschenbach, C., Tschander, L., Habel, C., Kulik, L.: Lexical specifications of paths. In: Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C., Wender, K.F. (eds.) Spatial Cognition II. Integrating abstract theories, empirical studies, formal methods, and practical applications, pp. 127–144. Springer, Berlin (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, A.U.: Pragmatic information content. How to measure the information in a route description. In: Goodchild, M., Duckham, M., Worboys, M. (eds.) Perspectives on geographic information science, pp. 47–68. Taylor and Francis, London (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Golledge, R.G.: Wayfinding behavior. Cognitive mapping and other spatial processes. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grice, H.P.: Logic and conversation. In: Cole, P., Morgan, J.L. (eds.) Speech acts. Syntax and semantics, vol. 3, pp. 41–58. Academic Press, New York (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Guhe, M., Habel, C., Tschander, L.: Describing motion events: Incremental representations for incremental processing. In: Guhe, M., Habel, C., Tschander, L. (eds.) Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on computational semantics (IWCS-5), Tillburg, pp. 410–424 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Habel, C.: Incremental generation of multimodal route instructions. In: Natural language generation in spoken and written dialogue. AAAI Spring Symposium 2003, Palo Alto, CA (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heye, C., Timpf, S.: Factors influencing the physical complexity of routes in public transportation networks. In: Electronic proceedings of the 10th international conference on travel behaviour research, Lucerne (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, T., Schweizer, K., Janzen, G., Katz, S.: Routen- und Überblickswissen - konzeptuelle Überlegungen. Kognitionswissenschaft 7(4), 145–159 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirtle, S.C.: The use of maps, images and gestures for navigation. In: Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C., Wender, K.F. (eds.) Spatial Cognition II – Integrating abstract theories, empirical studies, formal methods, and practical applications, pp. 31–40. Springer, Berlin (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, J.R.: Granularity. In: Joshi, A.K. (ed.) Proceedings of the 9th international joint conference on artificial intelligence, pp. 432–435. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackendoff, R.: Semantic structures. MIT Press, Cambridge (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackendoff, R.: The architecture of the language faculty. MIT Press, Cambridge (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, W.: Wegauskünfte. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 9(33), 9–57 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Klippel, A.: Wayfinding Choremes – Conceptualizing wayfinding and route direction elements. Universität Bremen (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Klippel, A., Tappe, H., Habel, C.: Pictorial representations of routes: Chunking route segments during comprehension. In: Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C., Wender, K.F. (eds.) Spatial Cognition III. Routes and navigation, human memory and learning, spatial representation and spatial learning, pp. 11–33. Springer, Berlin (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Klippel, A., Dewey, C., Knauff, M., Richter, K.-F., Montello, D.R., Freksa, C., Loeliger, E.-A.: Direction concepts in wayfinding assistance. In: Workshop on artificial intelligence in mobile systems (AIMS 2004), pp. 1–8 (2004); Saarbrücken: SFB 378 Memo 84

    Google Scholar 

  • Klippel, A., Tappe, H., Kulik, L., Lee, P.U. (submitted). Wayfinding choremes – A language for modelling conceptual route knowledge (Submitted to Journal of Visual Languages and Computing)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krieg-Brückner, B., Röfer, T., Carmesin, H.-O., Müller, R.: A taxonomy of spatial knowledge for navigation and its application to the Bremen autonomous wheelchair. In: Freksa, C., Habel, C., Wender, K.F. (eds.) Spatial Cognition. An interdisciplinary approach to representing and processing spatial knowledge, pp. 373–397. Springer, Berlin (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovelace, K.L., Hegarty, M., Montello, D.R.: Elements of good route directions in familiar and unfamiliar environments. In: Freksa, C., Mark, D. (eds.) Spatial information theory. Cognitive and computational foundations of geographic information science, pp. 65–82. Springer, Berlin (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Maaß, W.: A cognitive model for the process of multimodal, incremental route descriptions. In: Frank, A.U., Campari, I. (eds.) Spatial information theory: A theoretical basis for GIS, pp. 1–13. Springer, Berlin (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • MacEachren, A.M.: How maps work. Guilford Press, New York (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, G.A.: The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review 63, 81–97 (1956)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montello, D.R. (in press). Navigation. In: Shah, P., Miyake, A. (eds.) Handbook of visuospatial cognition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Raubal, M., Winter, S.: Enriching wayfinding instructions with local landmarks. In: Egenhofer, M.J., Mark, D.M. (eds.) GIScience 2002. LNCS, vol. 2478, pp. 243–259. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Richter, K.-F., Klippel, A., Freksa, C.: Shortest, fastest, — but what next? A different approach to route directions. In: Raubal, M., Sliwinski, A., Kuhn, W. (eds.) Geoinformation und Mobilität – von der Forschung zur praktischen Anwendung. Beiträge zu den Münsteraner GI-Tagen, pp. 205–217. IfGI prints, Münster (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweizer, K., Katz, S., Janzen, G.: Orientierung im Raum - kognitive Grundlagen und sprachliche Realisierung. Tourismus Journal 4(1), 79–101 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, C.E., Weaver, W.: The mathematical theory of communication. The University of Illinois Press, Urbana (1949)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sorrows, M., Hirtle, S.C.: The nature of landmarks for real and electronic spaces. In: Freksa, C., Mark, D. (eds.) Spatial information theory. Cognitive and computational foundations of geographic information science, pp. 37–50. Springer, Berlin (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tom, A., Denis, M.: Referring to landmarks or street information in route directions: What difference does it make? In: Kuhn, W., Worboys, M.F., Timpf, S. (eds.) COSIT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2825, pp. 362–374. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tversky, B., Lee, P.: How space structures language. In: Freksa, C., Habel, C., Wender, K.F. (eds.) Spatial Cognition. An interdisciplinary approach to representing and processing spatial knowledge, pp. 157–175. Springer, Berlin (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tversky, B., Lee, P.: Pictorial and verbal tools for conveying routes. In: Freksa, C., Mark, D.M. (eds.) Spatial information theory. Cognitive and computational foundations of geographic information science, pp. 51–64. Springer, Berlin (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wahlster, W., Baus, J., Kray, C., Krüger, A.: REAL: Ein ressourcenadaptives mobiles Navigationssystem. Informatik Forschung und Entwicklung 16, 233–241 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, S.: Route adaptive selection of salient features. In: Kuhn, W., Worboys, M.F., Timpf, S. (eds.) COSIT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2825, pp. 349–361. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Transregional Collaborative Research Center SFB/TR 8 Spatial Cognition, Universität Bremen, Germany

    Kai-Florian Richter

  2. Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information, Department of Geomatics, University of Melbourne, Australia

    Alexander Klippel

Authors
  1. Kai-Florian Richter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alexander Klippel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. SFB/TR 8 Spatial Cognition, Universität Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Christian Freksa

  2. Center for Cognitive Science, Friedrichstraße 50, 79098, Freiburg, Germany

    Markus Knauff

  3. Universität Bremen and DFKI-Lab Bremen, P.O. Box, Germany

    Bernd Krieg-Brückner

  4. Institut für Informatik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Bernhard Nebel

  5. SFB/TR 8 Spatial Cognition, Universität Bremen, Germany

    Thomas Barkowsky

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Richter, KF., Klippel, A. (2005). A Model for Context-Specific Route Directions. In: Freksa, C., Knauff, M., Krieg-Brückner, B., Nebel, B., Barkowsky, T. (eds) Spatial Cognition IV. Reasoning, Action, Interaction. Spatial Cognition 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 3343. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32255-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32255-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-25048-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32255-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation