Abstract
What are the main concepts behind the new geographic systems like Google Earth or NASA World Wind? How do they relate to the current GIS mechanisms? What new do they bring to the society? Or, what are the differences compared to cartographic maps? These questions are recently asked at IT departments of companies dealing with geographic information as well as in various agencies that collect, maintain and provide geographic data. This text approaches the hype around these technologies from a more academic perspective. The main question addressed here has rather the following form; what new problems do these systems address in terms of research and science? The argumentation concentrates on geographic spatial referencing, uniform organization of geographic data on a network, and relates them to the Internet services and to methods of navigation in three-dimensional virtual environment. These seemingly separate topics are identified as cornerstones of complex systems that attempt to augment information services with a three-dimensional model of the environment we inhabit. One possible solution and implementation of the core concepts is introduced. This software platform is provided to the community as an open source project called GRIFINOR.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R. Aasgaard and T. Sevaldrud (2001), Distributed Handling of Level Of Detail Surfaces with Binary Triangle Trees. In Proceedings: ScanGIS’2001-The 8th Scandinavian Research Conference on Geographical Information Science, Aas, Norway.
P. Cignoni, F. Ganovelli, E. Gobbetti, F. Marton, F. Ponchio and R. Scopigno (2003), Planet-Sized Batched Dynamic Adaptive Meshes (P-BDAM). In Proceedings: IEEE Visualization, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 147–155.
A. Gore (1998), The digital Earth: understanding our planet in the 21st century. Keynote: Grand Opening Gala of the California Science Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
F. G. Lemoine et. al. (1998), The Development of the Joint NASA GSFC and NIMA Geopotential Model EGM96. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, USA.
H. Lukatela (1987), Hipparchus Geopositioning Model: An Overview. Eighth International Symposium on Computer-Assisted Cartography (Auto-Carto 8), Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
P. M. Ilsoe and J. Kolar (2005), Geo Embedded Navigation. Geo-information for Disaster Management, Springer-Verlag, pp 1163–1172.
E. Kjems and J. Kolar (2005), From mapping to virtual geography. Proceedings CUPUM 2005, London, U.K.
E. Kjems and J. Kolar (2006), Spatial object structure for handling 3D geodata in Grifinor. In this publication.
J. Kolar and P. Ilsoe (2005), Flexible Terrain Representation Using Runtime Surface Reconstruction. Proceedings of WSCG Conference, Pilsen, the Czech Republic.
J. Kolar (2004a), Global indexing of 3d vector geographic features. In Proceedings: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 20th Congres, pp 669–672.
J. Kolar (2004b), Representation of geographic terrain surface using global indexing. In Proceedings: 12th International Conference on Geoinformatics Geospatial Information Research, pp 321–329.
K. Sahr, D. White and A. J. Kimerling (2003), Geodesic Discrete Global Grid Systems. Cartography and Geographical Information Science, vol. 30, pp 121–134.
A. Silberschatz, H. F. Korth and S. Sudarshan (1997), Database System Concepts, Third Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. press.
W. Torge (2001), Geodesy, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. press.
R. Tomlinson (2003), Thinking about GIS, Enviromental Systems Research Institute Press, Redlands, California, USA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kolář, J. (2006). On The Road To 3D Geographic Systems: Important Aspects of Global Model-Mapping Technology. In: Abdul-Rahman, A., Zlatanova, S., Coors, V. (eds) Innovations in 3D Geo Information Systems. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36998-1_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36998-1_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-36997-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36998-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)