Abstract
This paper presents a new multi-bits watermarking scheme in DCT domain based on a chaotic Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) communication system, which is combined with error correcting codes (ECC) and Human Visual System (HVS) model in spatial domain. To extract the hidden watermark from a possibly corrupted watermarked image without error, we model watermarking as a digital communication problem and apply BCH channel coding and shuffling. To ensure optimal adaptive DCT watermark, we also demonstrate how to optimally embed a watermark given the constraints imposed by the mask in the spatial domain. The robustness of the algorithm has been tested with StirMark 4.0. Without the original image during the decoding process, the algorithm allows for the recovery of 64 bits of information in a 256×256 graylevel image after a significant JPEG compression and other common signal processing attack.
This work was supported in part by NSF of China under contract number 60003017, China 863 Projects under contract numbers 2001AA114120 and 2002AA103065.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Petitcolas, F.A.P., Anderson, R.J.: Attacks on copyright marking systems. In: Second international information hiding workshop, USA, April 1998, pp. 219–239 (1998)
Voyatzis, G., Pitas, I.: The use of watermarks in the protection of digital multimedia products. Proceedings of the IEEE 87(7) (July 1999)
Barni, M., et al.: A DCT-domain System for Robust Image Watermarking. Signal Processing 66(3), 357–372 (1998)
Hernandez, J.R., Gonzalez, F.P., et al.: Performance analysis of a 2-D-multipulse amplitude modulation scheme for data hiding and watermarking of still images. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 16, 510–524 (1998)
Huang, J., Shi, Y.Q.: Reliable Information Bit Hiding. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 12(10), 916–920 (2002)
Hartung, F., Girod, B.: Watermarking of Uncompressed and Compressed Video. Signal Processing 66(3) (May 1998)
Elmasry, F., Shi, Y.Q.: 2-D interleaving for enhancing the robustness of watermarking signals embedded in still image. In: Proceedings of ICME 2000, New York (2000)
Du, Z.Y., Zhou, Y., Lu, P.Z.: An Optimized Spatial Data Hiding Scheme Combined with Convolutional Codes and Hilbert Scan. In: Chen, Y.-C., Chang, L.-W., Hsu, C.-T. (eds.) PCM 2002. LNCS, vol. 2532, pp. 97–104. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Cox, I.J., Miller, M.L., McKellips, A.L.: Watermarking as communications with side information. Proc. IEEE 87(7), 1062–1077 (1999)
Bas, P., Chassery, J., Macq, B.: Geometrically Invariant Watermarking Using Feature Points. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 11(9) (September 2002)
Dong, P., Galatsanos, N.P.: Affine Transform Resistant Watermarking Based on Image Normalization. In: Proceeding of ICIP 2002, New York (September 2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Li, X., Xue, X., Li, W. (2003). An Optimized Multi-bits Blind Watermarking Scheme. In: Qing, S., Gollmann, D., Zhou, J. (eds) Information and Communications Security. ICICS 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2836. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39927-8_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39927-8_33
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-20150-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39927-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive