Abstract
Connectivity and sensing coverage are two fundamental concepts in the design of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we investigate the relationship between coverage and connectivity for k-covered WSNs (kCWSN), where every point in a field of interest is covered by at least k sensors. Furthermore, we compute the connectivity of kCWSN based on the degree of sensing coverage. We also propose measures of fault tolerance for kCWSN based on network connectivity and sensing coverage. Random distributions of the sensors in a field have been widely used in most of sensor networking protocols, in spite of the fact that these deployment techniques do not always provide complete, void-free coverage. On the contrary, we consider both deterministic and random sensor deployment strategies to meet coverage degree requirements of sensing applications. Using our Augmented Equilateral Triangle (AET) model, we prove that if the sensing coverage degree is k and R ≥ 2×r , the network connectivity is higher than k . Precisely, our analysis of the geometric properties of deterministic sensor deployment strategies, demonstrates that sensing k-coverage and \(R\geq \sqrt 3\times r\) yield kCWSN connectivity that is higher than k. These findings are of practical use for network designers to build up sensing applications with prescribed degrees of sensing coverage, network connectivity and fault tolerance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ai, J., Abouzeid, A.: Coverage by Directional Sensors in Randomly Deployed Wireless Sensor Networks. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization 11(1), 21–41 (2006)
Ammari, H.M., Das, S.K.: On Computing Conditional Fault-Tolerance Measures for k-Covered Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Proc. 9th ACM/IEEE Int. Symp. on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, Spain (2006)
Cortes, J., Martinez, S., Karatas, T., Bullo, F.: Coverage Control for Mobile Sensing Networks. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 20(2), 243–255 (2004)
Cardei, M., Wu, J.: Energy-Efficient Coverage Problems in Wireless Ad-hoc Sensor Networks. Computer Communications 29(4), 413–420 (2006)
Chelius, G., Fleury, E., Mignon, T.: Lower and Upper Bounds for Minimum Energy Broadcast and Sensing Problems in Sensor Networks. In: Proc. 11th Int. Conf. On Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS), Fukuoka, Japan (2005)
Datta, A.K., Gradinariu, M., Linga, P., Raipin-Parvedy, P.: Self- Distributed Query Region Covering in Sensor Networks. In: Proc. 24th IEEE Symp. on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS), Orlando, Florida, USA (2005)
Du, X., Lin, F.: Maintaining Differentiated Coverage in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 5(4), 565–572 (2005)
Ghosh, A., Das, S.K.: Coverage and Connectivity Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Shorey, R., Ananda, A., Chan, M.C., Ooi, W.T. (eds.) Mobile, Wireless and Sensor Networks: Technology, Applications and Future Directions. Wiley-IEEE Press (2006)
Gupta, H., Das, S.R., Gu, Q.: Connected Sensor Cover: Self-Organization of Sensor Networks for Efficient Query Execution. In: Proc. 4th ACM Int. Symp. on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc), Annapolis, Maryland, USA (2003)
Hall, P.: Introduction to the Theory of Coverage Processes. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York (1988)
Li, N., Hou, J.: A Fault-Tolerant Topology Control Algorithm for Wireless Networks. In: Proc. 10th Annual Int. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), Pennsylvania, USA (2004)
Li, X.-Y., Wan, P.-J., Frieder, O.: Coverage in Wireless Ad-hoc Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers 52, 753–763 (2003)
Megerian, S., Koushanfar, F., Potkonjak, M., Srivastava, M.: Worst and Best-case Coverage in Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 4(1) (2005)
Ravelomanana, V.: Extremal Properties of Three-dimensional Sensor Networks with Applications. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 3(3) (2004)
Shakkottai, S., Srikant, R., Shroff, N.: Unreliable Sensor Grids: Coverage, Connectivity and Diameter. In: Proc. 24th Annual Conf. IEEE Communications Societies (INFOCOM), San Fransisco, USA (2003)
Tian, D., Georganas, N.: Connectivity Maintenance and Coverage Preservation in Wireless Sensor Networks. Ad Hoc Networks 3, 744–761 (2005)
Wang, X., Xing, G., Zhang, Y., Lu, C., Pless, R., Gill, C.: Integrated Coverage and Connectivity Configuration in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Proc. 1st ACM Conf. on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), California, USA (2003)
Zhang, H., Hou, J.: Maintaining Sensing Coverage and Connectivity in Large Sensor Networks. Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks 1(1-2), 89–124 (2005)
Zhou, Z., Das, S., Gupta, H.: Fault Tolerant Connected Sensor Cover with Variable Sensing and Transmission Ranges. In: Proc. 2nd Annual conf. on Sensor and Ad Ho Communications and Networks (SECON), Santa Clara, California, USA (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ammari, H.M., Das, S.K. (2006). Coverage, Connectivity, and Fault Tolerance Measures of Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Datta, A.K., Gradinariu, M. (eds) Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems. SSS 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4280. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49823-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49823-0_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-49018-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49823-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)