Abstract
Let G be an unweighted and undirected graph of n nodes, and let D be the n ×n matrix storing the All-Pairs-Shortest-Path distances in G. Since D contains integers in [n] ∪ + ∞, its plain storage takes n 2log(n + 1) bits. However, a simple counting argument shows that (n 2 − n)/2 bits are necessary to store D. In this paper we investigate the question of finding a succinct representation of D that requires O(n 2) bits of storage and still supports constant-time access to each of its entries. This is asymptotically optimal in the worst case, and far from the information-theoretic lower-bound by a multiplicative factor log2 3 ≃ 1.585. As a result O(1) bits per pairs of nodes in G are enough to retain constant-time access to their shortest-path distance. We achieve this result by reducing the storage of D to the succinct storage of labeled trees and ternary sequences, for which we properly adapt and orchestrate the use of known compressed data structures.
This work has been partially supported by the Italian MIUR grants PRIN MainStream and Italy-Israel FIRB “Pattern Discovery Algorithms in Discrete Structures, with Applications to Bioinformatics”, and by the Yahoo! Research grant on “Data compression and indexing in hierarchical memories”.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barbay, J., He, M., Munro, J.I., Srinivasa Rao, S.: Succinct indexes for string, bynary relations and multi-labeled trees. In: Proc. 18th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA) (2007)
Bender, M.A., Farach-Colton, M.: The lca problem revisited. In: Gonnet, G.H., Viola, A. (eds.) LATIN 2000. LNCS, vol. 1776, pp. 88–94. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Benoit, D., Demaine, E., Munro, I., Raman, R., Raman, V., Rao, S.: Representing trees of higher degree. Algorithmica 43, 275–292 (2005)
Brodnik, A., Munro, I.: Membership in constant time and almost-minimum space. SIAM Journal on Computing 28(5), 1627–1640 (1999)
Ferragina, P., Luccio, F., Manzini, G., Muthukrishnan, S.: Structuring labeled trees for optimal succinctness, and beyond. In: Proc. 46th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), pp. 184–193 (2005)
Ferragina, P., Venturini, R.: A simple storage scheme for strings achieving entropy bounds. Theor. Comput. Sci. 372(1), 115–121 (2007)
Grossi, R., Gupta, A., Vitter, J.: High-order entropy-compressed text indexes. In: Proc. 14th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), pp. 841–850 (2003)
Gupta, A., Hon, W.K., Shah, R., Vitter, J.S.: Dynamic rank/select dictionaries with applications to XML indexing. Technical Report Purdue University (2006)
Jacobson, G.: Space-efficient static trees and graphs. In: Proc. 30th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), pp. 549–554 (1989)
Mäkinen, V., Navarro, G.: Rank and select revisited and extended. Theor. Comput. Sci. 387(3) (2007)
Jansson, J., Sadakane, K., Sung, W.K.: Ultra-succinct representation of ordered trees. In: Proc. 18th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA) (2007)
Munro, I., Raman, V.: Succinct representation of balanced parentheses, static trees and planar graphs. In: Proc. of the 38th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), pp. 118–126 (1997)
Munro, I., Raman, V.: Succinct representation of balanced parentheses and static trees. SIAM J. Computing 31, 762–776 (2001)
Navarro, G., Mäkinen, V.: Compressed full-text indexes. ACM Comput. Surv. 39(1) (2007)
Working Group on Algorithms for Multidimensional Scaling. Algorithms for multidimensional scaling. DIMACS Web Page, http://dimacs.rutgers.edu/Workshops/Algorithms/AlgorithmsforMultidimensionalScaling.html
Pagh, R.: Low redundancy in static dictionaries with constant query time. SIAM Journal on Computing 31(2), 353–363 (2001)
Raman, R., Raman, V., Srinivasa Rao, S.: Succinct indexable dictionaries with applications to encoding k-ary trees and multisets. In: Proc. 13th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), pp. 233–242 (2002)
Thorup, M.: Compact oracles for reachability and approximate distances in planar digraphs. J. ACM 51(6), 993–1024 (2004)
Thorup, M., Zwick, U.: Approximate distance oracles. In: STOC, pp. 183–192 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nitto, I., Venturini, R. (2008). On Compact Representations of All-Pairs-Shortest-Path-Distance Matrices. In: Ferragina, P., Landau, G.M. (eds) Combinatorial Pattern Matching. CPM 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5029. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69068-9_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69068-9_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-69066-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69068-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)