Skip to main content

Hopcroft’s Minimization Technique: Queues or Stacks?

  • Conference paper
Implementation and Applications of Automata (CIAA 2008)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 5148))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

We consider the absolute worst case time complexity for Hopcroft’s minimization algorithm applied to unary languages (or a modification of this algorithm for cover automata minimization). We show that in this setting the worst case is reached only for deterministic automata or cover automata following the structure of the de Bruijn words. We refine a previous result by showing that the Berstel/Carton example reported before is actually the absolute worst case time complexity in the case of unary languages for deterministic automata. We show that the same result is valid also when considering the setting of cover automata and an algorithm based on the Hopcroft’s method used for minimization of cover automata. We also show that a LIFO implementation for the splitting list is desirable for the case of unary languages in the setting of deterministic finite automata.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Baclet, M., Pagetti, C.: Around Hopcroft’s Algorithm. In: Ibarra, O.H., Yen, H.-C. (eds.) CIAA 2006. LNCS, vol. 4094, pp. 114–125. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Berstel, J., Carton, O.: On the complexity of Hopcrofts state minimization algorithm. In: Domaratzki, M., Okhotin, A., Salomaa, K., Yu, S. (eds.) CIAA 2004. LNCS, vol. 3317, pp. 35–44. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  3. de Bruijn, N.G.: A Combinatorial Problem. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie v. Wetenschappen 49, 758–764 (1946)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Câmpeanu, C., Păun, A., Yu, S.: An Efficient Algorithm for Constructing Minimal Cover Automata for Finite Languages. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 13(1), 83–97 (2002)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Câmpeanu, C., Salomaa, K., Yu, S.: Tight Lower Bound for the State Complexity of Shuffle of Regular Languages. Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics 7(3), 303–310 (2002)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Câmpeanu, C., Sântean, N., Yu, S.: Minimal Cover-Automata for Finite Languages. In: Champarnaud, J.-M., Maurel, D., Ziadi, D. (eds.) WIA 1998. LNCS, vol. 1660, pp. 32–42. Springer, Heidelberg (1999); Theoretical Computer Science 267, 3–16 (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Champarnaud, J.M., Maurel, D.: Automata Implementation. In: Champarnaud, J.-M., Maurel, D., Ziadi, D. (eds.) WIA 1998. LNCS, vol. 1660. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Domaratzki, M., Shallit, J., Yu, S.: Minimal Covers of Formal Languages. In: Kuich, W., Rozenberg, G., Salomaa, A. (eds.) DLT 2001. LNCS, vol. 2295, pp. 319–329. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Gries, D.: Describing an algorithm by Hopcroft. Acta Informatica 2, 97–109 (1973)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Hopcroft, J.E., Ullman, J.D., Motwani, R.: Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2001)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Hopcroft, J.E.: An n log n algorithm for minimizing states in a finite automaton. In: Kohavi, Z., Paz, A. (eds.) Theory of Machines and Computations, pp. 189–196. Academic Press, London (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ilie, L., Yu, S.: Follow automata. Inf. Comput. 186(1), 140–162 (2003)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Knuutila, T.: Re-describing an algorithm by Hopcroft. Theoretical Computer Science 250(1-2), 333–363 (2001)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Körner, H.: A Time and Space Efficient Algorithm for Minimizing Cover Automata for Finite Languages. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 14(6), 1071–1086 (2003)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Paige, R., Tarjan, R.E., Bonic, R.: A Linear Time Solution to the Single Function Coarsest Partition Problem. Theoretical Computer Science 40, 67–84 (1985)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Păun, A., Santean, N., Yu, S.: An O(n 2) Algorithm for Constructing Minimal Cover Automata for Finite Languages. In: Yu, S., Păun, A. (eds.) CIAA 2000. LNCS, vol. 2088, pp. 243–251. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Salomaa, A.: Formal Languages. Academic Press, London (1973)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Salomaa, K., Wu, X., Yu, S.: Efficient Implementation of Regular Languages Using Reversed Alternating Finite Automata. Theor. Comput. Sci. 231(1), 103–111 (2000)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Sântean, N.: Towards a Minimal Representation for Finite Languages: Theory and Practice. MSc Thesis, Department of Computer Science, The University of Western Ontario (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Yu, S.: Regular Languages. In: Rozenberg, G., Salomaa, A. (eds.) Handbook of Formal Languages, pp. 41–110. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Yu, S.: State Complexity of Finite and Infinite Regular Languages. Bulletin of the EATCS 76, 142–152 (2002)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Yu, S.: State Complexity: Recent Results and Open Problems. Fundam. Inform. 64(1-4), 471–480 (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Yu, S.: On the State Complexity of Combined Operations. In: Ibarra, O.H., Yen, H.-C. (eds.) CIAA 2006. LNCS, vol. 4094, pp. 11–22. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Wood, D., Yu, S.: Automata Implementation. In: Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Implementing Automata. LNCS, vol. 1436. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  25. The Grail + Project. A symbolic computation environment for finite state machines, regular expressions, and finite languages, http://www.csd.uwo.ca/research/grail/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Oscar H. Ibarra Bala Ravikumar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Păun, A., Păun, M., Rodríguez-Patón, A. (2008). Hopcroft’s Minimization Technique: Queues or Stacks?. In: Ibarra, O.H., Ravikumar, B. (eds) Implementation and Applications of Automata. CIAA 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5148. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70844-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70844-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-70843-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-70844-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics