Abstract
Fractal or scaling phenomena, such as self-similarity and long-range dependence, have been detected in network traffic, with important implications for network performance. This paper describes how the characteristics of traffic change when it traverses IEEE 802.11 networks. First, a simple, unidirectional traffic scenario with two nodes has been simulated. This scenario and two more general situations that include the hidden node situation and the effect of relaying (which appears in multihop communications) have been replicated in a real testbed. The most significant results are the smoothing effect of the MAC mechanisms on the traffic at the highest frequencies, while at the lowest frequencies a mitigation of fractality seems to be caused by packet loss induced by propagation impairments, with an overall effect of mitigation of the scaling characteristics on the output traffic. On the other hand, the scenarios with traffic aggregation show an increase of fractality.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Leland, W., et al.: On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 2, 1–15 (1994)
Park, K., Willinger, W.: Self-similar traffic and network performance. Wiley, Chichester (2000)
Norros, I.: A storage model with self-similar input. Queueing systems 16, 387–396 (1994)
Cano, C.: Study of traffic fractality in ad-hoc WLAN networks (in Spanish). Master’s thesis, Technical School of Castelldefels (EPSC), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain (March 2006)
Cano, C., Rincón, D., Remondo, D.: On the mitigation of long-range dependence in IEEE 802.11 networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Intl Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications PIMRC 2006, September 2006, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (to be published, 2006)
ns-2 simulator website, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns
Veitch, D., Abry, P.: A wavelet-based joint estimator of the parameters of long-range dependence. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 45(3), 878–897 (1999)
Liang, Q.: Ad hoc wireless network traffic - self-similarity and forecasting. IEEE Communications Letters 6(7), 297–299 (2002)
Yu, J., Petropolu, A.: On propagation of self-similar traffic through an energy-conserving wireless gateway. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICASSP 2005, vol. IV, pp. 285–288. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2005)
Tickoo, O., Sikdar, B.: On the impact of IEEE 802.11 MAC on traffic characteristics. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 21(2), 189–203 (2003)
IEEE standard 802.11, wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications (1999)
Remondo, D.: Tutorial on wireless ad hoc networks (invited paper). In: Proceedings of HET-NETs’04: Performance Modelling and Evaluation of Heterogeneous Networks (July 2004)
Saka, F.: FlashUDP, http://www.hep.ucl.ac.uk/~fs/
Paxson, V.: Fast approximation of self-similar network traffic. LBL-36750/UC-405. Technical report (April 1995), http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/html/contrib/fft-fgn.html
Punnoose, R.J., Niktin, P., Stancil, D.: Efficient simulation of Ricean fading within a packet simulator. Technical report (September 2000), http://www-ece.rice.edu/~jingpu/moar/ricean-sim.pdf
CMU Antenna and Radio Comm. Group. Additions to the ns-2 network simulator to handle Ricean and Rayleigh fading, http://www.ece.cmu.edu/wireless/
Ruíz, D., Oliveras, M.: Open source 802.11 access points-based mesh networks (III) (in Spanish). Master’s thesis, Technical School of Castelldefels (EPSC), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain (March 2006)
Fan, Y., Georganas, N.: On merging and splitting of self-similar traffic in highspeed networks. In: Proceedings of ICCC’95, 8A.1.1–6 (July 1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rincón, D., Remondo, D., Cano, C. (2007). On the Shaping Introduced by IEEE 802.11 Nodes in Long-Range Dependent Traffic. In: García-Vidal, J., Cerdà-Alabern, L. (eds) Wireless Systems and Mobility in Next Generation Internet. EuroNGI 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4396. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70969-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70969-5_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-70968-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-70969-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)