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Ubiquitous Geographic Information

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Springer Handbook of Geographic Information

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Abstract

In this chapter, ubiquitous geographic information (UBGI), which is a relatively new set of concepts, practices, and standards, is introduced and described, and its possible ramifications are analyzed in detail. The chapter begins with the definition of UBGI – geographic information that exists anywhere and anytime. However, the chapter attempts to convince readers that the true goal of UBGI is to make the use of geographic information easy and transparent. The emergence of UBGI needs to be understood within a broader context of both paradigm changes in computing technologies (i.e., centralized, distributed, mobile, and ubiquitous computing) and the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs), which make UBGI services feasible. Thus, the chapter reviews how computing technologies have evolved, and introduces the technological breakthroughs of each computing technology, which overcome place and time constraints and enable the realization of UBGI services in everyday life. A few enabling ICTs are then described, and existing UBGI initiatives are introduced. Issues on the technical developments of UBGI services are addressed, and recent standardization efforts on UBGI are introduced. Lastly, the ramifications of UBGI for future lifestyles, particularly in future cities, are discussed.

The chapter is organized as follows: a brief review of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) evolution is introduced as a prelude to the emergence of UBGI. The evolution of computing technologies, from centralized to ubiquitous computing, is introduced as one of the UBGI enablers. Next, a few enabling information and communication technologies that make UBGI services feasible are briefly described, followed by existing UBGI initiatives. The future prospects of UBGI, in particular with respect to future cities, are introduced, before the summary and conclusion.

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Abbreviations

ALPR:

automatic license plate recognition

API:

application programming interface

CORBA:

Common Object Request Broker Architecture (OMG)

DCOM:

Distributed Component Object Model (Microsoft)

DoD:

US Department of Defense

GI:

geographic information

GIS:

Geographic Information System

GNSS:

Global Navigation Satellite System

GPS:

Global Positioning System

ICT:

information and communication technology

IP:

Interoperability Program

ISO:

International Organization for Standardization

IT:

information technology

ITS:

Intelligent Transportation System

IVHS:

intelligent vehicle highway system

LBMS:

location-based mobile services

LBS:

location-based services

OGC:

Open Geospatial Consortium

PC:

Personal Computer

PDA:

personal digital assistant

RFID:

Radio Frequency Identification

RMI:

Remote Method Invocation

RPC:

Remote Procedure Call

TC:

Technical Committee

UBGI:

Ubiquitous geographic information

WD:

working draft

WG:

working group

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Urban and Regional Planning, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 111 Temple Buell Hall, 611 Taft Dr., 61820, Champaign, IL, USA

    Tschangho J. Kim

  2. Urban Studies, Cleveland State University, 1717 Euclid Ave., 44115, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Sung-Gheel Jang

Authors
  1. Tschangho J. Kim
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  2. Sung-Gheel Jang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Tschangho J. Kim or Sung-Gheel Jang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, Brodaer Str. 2, 17033, Neubrandenburg, Germany

    Wolfgang Kresse

  2. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 8615 Westwood Center Drive, 22182-2214, Vienna, VA, USA

    David M. Danko

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© 2011 Springer-Verlag

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Kim, T.J., Jang, SG. (2011). Ubiquitous Geographic Information. In: Kresse, W., Danko, D. (eds) Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72680-7_18

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