Abstract
In this paper, we consider how to localize individual nodes in a wireless sensor network when some subset of the network nodes can be in motion at any given time. For situations in which it is not practical or cost-efficient to use GPS or anchor nodes, this paper proposes an Anchor-Free Mobile Geographic Distributed Localization (MGDL) algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Taking advantage of the accelerometers that are present in standard motes, MGDL estimates the distance moved by each node. If this distance is beyond a threshold, then this node will trigger a series of mobile localization procedures to recalculate and update its location in the node itself. Such procedures will be stopped when the node stops moving. Data collected using Tmote Invent nodes (Moteiv Inc.) and simulations show that the proposed detection method can efficiently detect the movement, and that the localization is accurate and the communication is efficient in different static and mobile contexts.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Freescale Inc. MMA7260Q 3D Accelerometer. URL http://www.freescale.com/
Moteiv Inc. Invent Motes. URL http://www.moteiv.com
Baggio, K.L.A.: Monte-carlo localization for mobile wireless sensor networks. In: Cao, J., Stojmenovic, I., Jia, X., Das, S.K. (eds.) MSN 2006. LNCS, vol. 4325, Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Ash, J., Potter, L.: Sensor network localization via received signal strength measurements with directional antennas. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (2004)
Bahl, P., Padmanabhan, V.: RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system. In: INFOCOM 2000: Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, IEEE, Los Alamitos (2000)
Bischoff, R., Wattenhofer, R.: Analyzing connectivity-based multi-hop ad-hoc positioning. In: Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2004. PerCom 2004. Proceedings of the Second IEEE Annual Conference on, pp. 165–174 (2004)
Bruck, J., Gao, J., Jiang, A.: Localization and routing in sensor networks by local angle information. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing, pp. 181–192. ACM Press, New York (2005)
Burgard, W., Fox, D., Hennig, D., Schmidt, T.: Estimating the absolute position of a mobile robot using position probability grids. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 896–901 (1996)
Čapkun, S., Hamdi, M., Hubaux, J.: GPS-free Positioning in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Cluster Computing 5(2), 157–167 (2002)
Group, T.C.M.: Wireless and Mobility Extensions to ns-2. obtain from http://www.monarch.cs.cmu.edu/cmu-ns.html
Hu, L., Evans, D.: Localization for mobile sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 45–57 (2004)
Akcan, H.B.A.D.H., Kriakov, V.: Gpsfree node localization in mobile wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Data engineering for wireless and mobile access (MobiDE 2006), ACM Press, New York (2006)
Johnson, D., Maltz, D.: Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks. Mobile Computing 353, 153–181 (1996)
McCanne, S., Floyd, S.: ns-2 Network Simulator. Obtain via: http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns
Shang, Y., Ruml, W.: Improved MDS-based localization. In: INFOCOM 2004. Twenty-third AnnualJoint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 4 (2004)
Shang, Y., Ruml, W., Zhang, Y., Fromherz, M.: Localization from mere connectivity. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing, pp. 201–212. ACM Press, New York (2003)
Vicaire, P., Stankovic, J.: Elastic Localization: Improvements on Distributed, Range Free Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks. Technical report, Tech. Rep. CS-2004-35, University of Virginia (2004)
Vieira, M., Coelho Jr., C., da Silva Jr., D., da Mata, J.: Survey on wireless sensor network devices. IEEE Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 537–544 (2003)
Xu, Y., Ford, J., Makedon, F.S.: A Variation on Hop-counting for Geographic Routing. In: Embedded Networked Sensors, 2006. EmNetS-III. The third IEEE Workshop on (2006)
Zheng, J., et al.: 802.15.4 extension to NS-2. Obtain via: http://www-ee.ccny.cuny.edu/zheng/pub
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Xu, Y., Ouyang, Y., Le, Z., Ford, J., Makedon, F. (2007). Mobile Anchor-Free Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Aspnes, J., Scheideler, C., Arora, A., Madden, S. (eds) Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems. DCOSS 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4549. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73090-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73090-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-73089-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-73090-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)