Skip to main content

A Multi-method Approach to the Assessment of Web Page Designs

  • Conference paper
Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII 2007)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNIP,volume 4738))

Abstract

This study used self-report, facial EMG, galvanic skin response, and eye tracking to assess users’ participants’ responses to two charity web sites. For each site, page content and colour of presentation (colour versus black & white) were manipulated. Results support the utility and diversity of these measures. Each provided information about users’ responses to web page designs, with a good deal of variation in sensitivity to experimental manipulations. In combination the data from these measures allowed further inferences to be drawn, supporting a multi-dimensional view of user experience and the need for multi-method approaches to evaluation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Picard, R.W.: Affective Computing. MIT Press, Cambridge (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dillon, A.: Beyond usability: Process, outcome, and affect in human-computer interactions. The Canadian, Journal of Information and Library Science 26(4), 57–69 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hassenzahl, M., Tractinsky, N.: User experience - a research agenda. Behaviour & Information Technology 25, 91–97 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. ISO 9241-11: Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals (VDTs). Part 11: Guidance on Usability. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Davis, F.D.: Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly 13, 318–340 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bailey, J.E., Pearson, S.W.: Development of a tool for measuring and analysing computer user satisfaction. Management Science 29, 530–545 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hassenzahl, M.: The interplay of beauty, goodness, and usability of interactive products. Human-Computer Interaction 19, 319–349 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Huang, M.-H.: Designing website attributes to induce experiential encounters. Computers in Human Behavior 19, 425–442 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Huang, M.-H.: Web performance scale. Information & Management 42, 841–852 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hornbaek, K.: Current practice in measuring usability: Challenges to usability studies and research. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 64, 79–102 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Annett, J.: Subjective rating scales: Science or art? Ergonomics 45, 966–987 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Veryzer, R.W.: A nonconscious processing explanation of consumer response to product design. Psychology & Marketing 16, 497–522 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Nisbett, R.E., Wilson, T.D.: Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review 84, 231–259 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Winkielman, P., Cacioppo, J.T.: Mind at ease puts a smile on the face: Psychophysiological evidence that processing facilitiation elicits positive affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81, 989–1000 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Scheirer, J., Fernandez, R., Klein, J., Picard, R.W.: Frustrating the user on purpose: A step toward building an affective computer. Interacting with Computers 14, 93–118 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ward, R.D., Marsden, P.H.: Physiological responses to different web page designs. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 59, 199–213 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Branco, P., Firth, P., Encarnaçăo, M., Bonato, P.: Faces of emotion in human-computer interaction. In: CHI 2005, pp. 2–7. ACM Press, New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hazlett, R.: Measurement of user frustration: A biologic approach. In: CHI 2003, April 5-10, ACM, New York (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hazlett, R.L., Benedek, J.: Measuring emotional valence to understand the users’ experience of software. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 65, 306–314 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Russell, J.A.: Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review 110, 145–172 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Westerman, S.J., Gardner, P.H., Sutherland, E.J.: Taxonomy of Affective Systems Usability Testing. HUMAINE EC Network of Excellence project report D9g (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Duchowski, A.T.: Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice. Springer, London (2003)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Liversedge, S.P., Findlay, J.M.: Saccadic eye movements and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4, 6–14 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Pan, B., Hembroke, H.A., Gay, G.K., Granka, L.A., Feusner, M.K., Newman, J.K.: The determinants of web page viewing behaviour: An eye tracking study. In: Proceedings of Eye Tracking Research and Applications. SIGGRAPH, pp. 147–154. ACM, New York (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rudmann, D.S., McConkie, G.W., Zheng, X.S.: Eye tracking in cognitive state detection for HCI. In: Proceedings of ICMI 2003, pp. 159–163 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Goldberg, J.H., Stimson, M.J., Lewenstein, M., Scott, N., Wichansky, A.M: Eye tracking in web search tasks: Design implications. In: Proceedings of ETRA 2002, pp. 51–58. ACM, New York (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Bojko, A.: Using eye tracking to compare web page designs: A case study. Journal of Usability Studies 3, 112–120 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rayner, K.: Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin 124, 372–422 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Calvo, M.G., Lang, P.J.: Gaze patterns when looking at emotional pictures: Motivationally biased attention. Motivation and Emotion 28, 221–243 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Westerman, S.J., Sutherland, E.J., Powell, H., Robinson, L., Tuck, G.: Users’ responses to alternative website designs: A framework and psychometric assessment (unpublished manuscript)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Dillon, A.: Beyond usability: Process, outcome, and affect in human-computer interactions. The Canadian, Journal of Information and Library Science 26(4), 57–69 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hassenzahl, M., Tractinsky, N.: User experience - a research agenda. Behaviour & Information Technology 25, 91–97 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Valdez, P., Mehrabian, A.: Effects of colour on emotions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 123(4), 394–409 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Wilson, G.D.: Arousal properties of red versus green. Perceptual and Motor Skills 23, 947–949 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Jacons, K.W., Hustmyer, F.E.: Effects of four psychological primary colours on GSR, heart rate and respiration rate. Perceptual and Motor Skills 38, 763–766 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Calwell, J.A., Jones, G.E.: The effects of exposure to red and blue light on physiological indices and time estimation. Perception 14, 19–29 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Robinson, W.S.: Colours, arousal, functionalism, and individual differences. Psyche, 10, 2 (2004), http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/

  38. Renshaw, J.A., Finlay, J.E., Tyfa, D., Ward, R.D.: Understanding visual influence in graph design through temporal and spatial eye movement characteristics. Interacting with Computers 16, 557–578 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Ana C. R. Paiva Rui Prada Rosalind W. Picard

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Westerman, S.J., Sutherland, E.J., Robinson, L., Powell, H., Tuck, G. (2007). A Multi-method Approach to the Assessment of Web Page Designs. In: Paiva, A.C.R., Prada, R., Picard, R.W. (eds) Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. ACII 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4738. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74889-2_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74889-2_27

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74888-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74889-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics