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Soft Computing Applications in Industry pp 331–356Cite as

Soft Query-Answering Computing in P2P Systems with Epistemically Independent Peers

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Part of the book series: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing ((STUDFUZZ,volume 226))

Introduction to P2P Systems: A Survey

Knowledge-based systems typically deals with incomplete and uncertain knowledge. Numerous extensions have been made to the logic programming and deductive databases in order to handle this incompleteness/uncertainty. These extensions can broadly be characterized into non-probabilistic and probabilistic formalisms. Approximate (uncertain) information can be considered as a kind of relativization of truth values for sentences. This is the standard approach used in several many-valued logics. For example, these many-valued logics include the smallest 4-valued logic programming based on Belnap’s bilattice [1] with two additional logic values (’unknown’ and ’possible’ values for incomplete and locally-inconsistent information respectively), and infinitary fuzzy logics and their extensions [2] and combinations [3] also. In query-answering from distributed databases, especially in the web framework, we often have to deal with partial information and query-algorithms which are defined for real-time applications. Hence the obtained results are generally incomplete. That is, the soft computing query-answering in web database applications is naturally correlated with effective non-omniscient query-agents. There does not exist a centralized control mechanism to handle the entire information in web database applications. The complete answers to such queries are practically undecidable because an enormous amount of time is required to compute the answers. As a result, such answering systems cannot be used in practice. Some approximative algorithms are needed to obtain reasonable but incomplete answers. In addition, these algorithms need to be parametrically incremental.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ETF, Applied Mathematics Department, University of Belgrade, Serbia

    Zoran Majkić

  2. Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA

    Bhanu Prasad

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  1. Zoran Majkić
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Bhanu Prasad

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Majkić, Z., Prasad, B. (2008). Soft Query-Answering Computing in P2P Systems with Epistemically Independent Peers. In: Prasad, B. (eds) Soft Computing Applications in Industry. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol 226. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77465-5_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77465-5_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-77464-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-77465-5

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