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Springer Handbook of Automation pp 1485–1502Cite as

Service Robots and Automation for the Disabled/Limited

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Abstract

The increasing number of elderly people is resulting in increased demand for new solutions to support self-initiative and independent life. Robotics and automation technologies, initially applied in industrial environments only, are starting to move into our everyday lives to provide support and enhance the quality of our lives. This chapter analyzes the needs of disabled or limited persons and discusses possible tasks of new assistive service robots. It further gives an overview of existing solutions available as prototypes or products. Existing technologies to assist disabled or limited persons can be grouped into stand-alone devices operated by the user explicitly such as robotic walkers, wheelchairs, guidance robots or manipulation aids, and wearable devices that are attached to the user and operated implicitly by measuring the desired limb motion of the user such as in orthoses, exoskeletons or prostheses. Two recent developments are discussed in detail as application examples: the robotic home assistant Care-O-bot and the bionic robotic arm ISELLA. One of the most important challenges for future developments is to reduce costs in order to make assistive technologies available to everybody. On the technological side, user interfaces need to be designed that allow the use of the machines even by persons who have no technical knowledge and that enable new tasks to be taught to assistive robots without much effort. Finally, safe manipulation of assistive robots among humans must be guaranteed by new sensors and corresponding safety standards.

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Abbreviations

3-D:

three-dimensional

AGV:

autonomous guided vehicle

ASIMO:

advanced step in innovation mobility

DC:

direct-current

DOF:

degrees of freedom

EAP:

electroactive polymer

ICORR:

International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics

ICRA:

International Conference on Robotics and Automation

IPA:

intelligent parking assist

IROS:

Intelligent Robots and Systems

ISELLA:

intrinsically safe lightweight low-cost arm

MAN:

metropolitan area network

MVFH:

minimum vector field histogram

OBB:

oriented bounding box

OMNI:

office wheelchair with high manoeuvrability and navigational intelligence

PC:

personal computer

ProVAR:

professional vocational assistive robot

RA:

resolution advisory

RAID:

redundant array of independent disk

RAID:

robot to assist the integration of the disabled

RT:

radiotherapy

RT:

register transfer

SIFT:

scale-invariant feature transform

SMA:

shape-memory alloys

SVM:

support vector machine

TV:

television

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Robot Systems, Fraunhofer IPA, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    Birgit Graf PhD

  2. Robotics and Manufacturing, ABB AG, Corporate Research Center Germany, Wallstadter Str. 59, 68526, Ladenburg, Germany

    Harald Staab Dr

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  1. Birgit Graf PhD
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  1. PRISM Center, and School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, 315 N. Grant Street, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Shimon Y. Nof

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Graf, B., Staab, H. (2009). Service Robots and Automation for the Disabled/Limited. In: Nof, S. (eds) Springer Handbook of Automation. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_84

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