Abstract
Zodiac is a block cipher with 128-bit blocks and designed for the Korean firm SoftForum in 2000. This paper discusses the security of Zodiac against the Square attack. We first construct two 8-round distinguishers to build a basic Square attack against the reduced 9-round Zodiac with 128-bit keys, and then extend this attack to 12, 13, 14, and 15-round Zodiac, which finds their round keys with the complexities 292.3, 2124.8, 2157.2, and 2189.5, respectively. Moreover, our attack can find the round keys of the full 16-round Zodiac with 256-bit keys with a complexity of 2221.7 which is better than the exhaustive search and in this attack we just need 216.5 chosen plaintexts. This result shows that the Square attack is not only applicable to Square-like ciphers but also to ciphers with Feistel structure once more.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Lee, C., Jun, K., Jung, M., Park, S., Kim, J.: Zodiac Version 1.0 (revised) Architecture and Specification, Standardization Workshop on Information Security Technology, Korean Contribution on MP18033, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC27 N2563, 2000 (2000), http://www.kisa.or.kr/seed/index.html
Hong, D., Sung, J., Moriai, S., Lee, S., Lim, J.: Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis of Zodiac. In: Matsui, M. (ed.) FSE 2001. LNCS, vol. 2355, pp. 300–311. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Daemen, J., Knudsen, L., Rijmen, V.: The Block Cipher Square. In: Biham, E. (ed.) FSE 1997. LNCS, vol. 1267, pp. 149–165. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Lucks, S.: The Saturation Attack - a Bait for Twofish. In: Matsui, M. (ed.) FSE 2001. LNCS, vol. 2355, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
D’Halluin, C., Bijnens, G., Rijmen, V., Preneel, B.: Attack on Six Rounds of Crypton. In: Knudsen, L.R. (ed.) FSE 1999. LNCS, vol. 1636, pp. 46–59. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)
Ferguson, N., Kelsey, J., Lucks, S., Schneier, B., Stay, M., Wagner, D., Whiting, D.: Improved Cryptanalysis of Rijndael. In: Schneier, B. (ed.) FSE 2000. LNCS, vol. 1978, pp. 213–230. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Knudsen, L., Wagner, D.: Integral cryptanalysis. In: Daemen, J., Rijmen, V. (eds.) FSE 2002. LNCS, vol. 2365, pp. 112–127. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Yeom, Y., Park, S., Kim, I.: On the Security of Camellia against the Square Attack. In: Daemen, J., Rijmen, V. (eds.) FSE 2002. LNCS, vol. 2365, pp. 89–99. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Hwang, K., Lee, W., Lee, S., Lee, S., Lim, J.: Saturation Attacks on Reduced Round Skipjack. In: Daemen, J., Rijmen, V. (eds.) FSE 2002. LNCS, vol. 2365, pp. 100–111. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Wu, W., Zhang, W., Feng, D.: Improved Integral Cryptanalysis of FOX Block Cipher. In: Won, D.H., Kim, S. (eds.) ICISC 2005. LNCS, vol. 3935, pp. 229–241. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
He, Y., Qing, S.: Square Attack on Reduced Camellia Cipher. In: Qing, S., Okamoto, T., Zhou, J. (eds.) ICICS 2001. LNCS, vol. 2229, pp. 238–245. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ji, W., Hu, L. (2008). Square Attack on Reduced-Round Zodiac Cipher. In: Chen, L., Mu, Y., Susilo, W. (eds) Information Security Practice and Experience. ISPEC 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4991. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79104-1_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79104-1_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-79103-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-79104-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)